®!]c iavmcr's i!!ant!]hj bisitoi 



85 



foi- nii'ilipp, 4 h;is!ic!s, to be diiUcrl ia v,'nh tlia 

 seed, ti) eiisiii-e its coming up, and 4 buslieis as a 

 top-clressiii^', when tlie plants iiavc allaiued lljeir 

 fourth leaf, to i;roinnte tliKir more vigorous tid- 

 vftuconifrit. On dovei', &c. 3 Imsiielj!, to lie 

 sown soon af'lo]' the mmhov,:! of llii," corn "crop, to 

 streiigllicn tht'ni ibr tiie ^vintt'r, and 3 liiishels 

 more in Aijiil, or ear!}- in Slay, to stiniidate the 

 soiiuiicr iricuvtli. With the ahove e\cc|itioii, as 

 also lliat of the drilling in with wheat, upon iis'ht 

 soils, to prevent the actiosi of spring-frosts, &c. 

 mid«n portion of the dressinjr for [Kitatots, a top- 

 dressini; is warmly reconniigiided as prodnttive 

 of the greatest benefit — t;d-;ing especial care that, 

 in all top-dresiinjrs, the plants be very wet, when 

 the Gypsnni is ajiplied, that it may adhere to llio 

 leaves. It is through the leaves that the greatest 

 benefit is derived. After a gentle shower, when 

 not a very rainy season, is the bestiitno; or, in 

 the ahseiice of rain, in a heavy dew, very early in 

 i«the niorrjing. The weather, should also be still. 

 For Potatoes. — The se;s nnjst, first, be rolled 

 in Gy[isiHn, and, when they have been placed in 

 the trenches, about a table-spoonfnl be scattered 

 upon each set. Then cover in the sets as usual, 

 atid when the lojis have grown tuo or three 

 inohes out of the ground, let tliem have a good 

 top-dressing. For ihfse three dressings of the 

 potatoes as nmeh as 15 bushels per acre has been 

 very profitably ap[)'ied, and, even then, by far the 

 cheapest manure which the potaloe crop can ef- 

 ticienily receive. This crop alone e.\ce|jled, the 

 ordinary expense of all other dressings, as direct- 

 e<l above, in-.-.y be set down at from Gs, lo V2s. [ler 

 acre. 



lUlAI>'i.<0. 



!n those parts of Glot'cestersliire where the 

 soil is sliff, clay-draining is extensively practised 

 on gra;:S-land, for wliich it is nio.st effectual, an- 

 sweiing all the purposes of tiles, at a iniich 

 smaller expense. The plan is as follows: — A 

 uenidi is dug three ii^el deep, in the .shape of a 

 wedge; at the bottom of this a ce: lain r.ntnber 

 of solid pieces of wood resembling tiles are jjla- 

 ced, aid attached to each other by tuo lialf-lin!;s 

 of 11 chain, acting as a binge. Oji ihe top of 

 tlipse the clay is thrown in small (juantiiies, and 

 well raimned down, to the depth of twelve inch- 

 es; the remainder of the soil is then filled in, 

 and the Inrf replaced. The wooden inodcls aie 

 withdrawn by a strong lever being (ixed at the 

 outer end, by which means the drain is lelt per- 

 fect in form, and as smooth as a pidisbed table. 

 This will last for years, and will carry the water 

 off admirably. In drainimr a small orchard last 

 yi'ar, a drain was cut across whicdi liad been in 

 use It! jears vvilhont exhibiting any signs of 

 damage. The price inclndiuj; all charges is, I 

 believe, about ]i5<l |ier yard. — If. IV. 



IWPIVOVEMKNT OF LAND. 



He who provides additional em|doyment for 

 labor, and by that employment produces more 

 I'ood, and at the same time increases the retmii 

 for bis capital, is a sincere friend to himsellj his 

 country, and to the caiise of huuranily. Enter- 

 taining this opinion, anil having some spare capi- 

 tal, I said to m>self, Shall 1 with this thousand 

 |iounds pinchase a few moie acres ol' land, and 

 thus increase the compernion for it; or had I not 

 nnn-h belter invest it in improving one of the 

 farms 1 now have — about ]30ai;res.' 1 deter- 

 mined on the lalter course, and how gratifying to 

 mv feeling has it been to see about 20 men and 

 bo_\s employed in draining, others in making tile- 

 |ii pes (.300,000) some in carting them, and again 

 some in collecring and carting stones to till the 

 drains, besiiles tliose engaged in putting <lo\vn 

 and removing the tindier, and trimming close the 

 lii;.'h, unsightly fences, taking in the wasti!-piec-es, 

 vVc. When twelvemonths shall have completed 

 these improvements, am J not to look (iirward lo 

 the permanent employment of more hands by an 

 iin|-iroved rotation of crops and increased pro- 

 duce? My plans, however, were not, at first, ac- 

 ce|ited without difficniiies and objections. My 

 tenant (a truly worthy person,) had prejudices, 

 and five years of his lease were iiuex()ired. I 

 said, " Your land, in its present wet stale, is not 

 growing two-thirds of what it should do." lie 

 replied, '• I tiu'in clean and regular, and carry 

 oft" all the top-water; but I dou'l believe nn- 

 d'-r-drains are of any use in our strong soil, 

 ahhougli I agree as to putting down limber 

 and low fences." "Well, then," I sai<l, "let us 

 agree to this: the whole expense shall be mine, 



taking iis tny remmicratioii, two-thirds of the ex- 

 tra-produce nyri- ai\d above what your books will 

 show as'the produce of the last seven years ; the 

 olher third shall be yours." To this bo readily 

 consented, and is now perfectly convinced of the 

 importance of p;n'i(:ct drainage, low fences, and 

 little timber ; and ol" ibe prospect of this farm 

 being very quickly as good a one as most in the 

 county of Essex. Let capitalists, instead of buy- 

 ing more land, impro''e what they have ; they 

 v.'ill not only increase their rents, but do a great 

 national service, and we s.'iall hear hut little of 

 over-population and the necessity of removing 

 our alile-bodied Agricuiuiral laborers to other 

 and distant parts. 1 should add, (having three 

 cottages on the property,) I mean to adopt your 

 excellent recommendation of ullotments to the 

 deserving laborer. — /. J. J\T., Stamford-hill. 



STEA'.II.NG HAY FOIl CATTLE. 



A lierlfordshire fiaririer asks information re- 

 sp::ctiug li.o process of St»aming, which will 

 make riuisty hay palatable to cattle, &c. Should 

 your Leicestershire corrcsiiondent not ansv, erhis 

 inquiries, I shall be very happy to do so, ,is I 

 know of nothing so desirable and economical, 

 even in a small llirrn (and no large one ought on 

 any account to be without it,) as a Steaming ap- 

 paratus. I will uiih |)leasure send him ihe size 

 and cost of my Steam-house, &c., which is cal- 

 culated for a small farm of CO acres, and with 

 which I make all musty Hay — iojis and bottoms 

 of stacks, the ))arts which horses and cows re- 

 ject from their mangers, &.c., [lalalable, and, I be- 

 lieve, nutritious (bod. i likewise get a great deal 

 of Straw eaten by horses. The same apparatus 

 steams sufficient Tur.nos or Potatoes for from 

 100 to 800 [jigs, as well as horses and cows. Tlie 

 cost of fuel is fibout 4s a-week (coal 8s 9d per 

 Ion). Perhap; the plan of a Steam-house would 

 be acceptable to son.e of your readers, as few 

 have an opportunity of seeing well-regnlitjd 

 farms, except those situated in our best agricnl- 

 tuial districts, and even there Steaming is 'iiile 

 practised. A small farmer in this vicinity keeps 

 up all day an enormous fire in his kitcl;._n, that 

 he may boil potatoes fbr 2 horses and 9 P-gs- 

 An eigluh part of Ihe extra coal would steam 

 lour times the quantity. — IV. D. F. 



Turkish Dress. 



The Orientid ihess may well be advoi:aleil 

 against the Western as founded on principle and 

 reason, and approved by experience — not the 

 production of caprice or fashion. The intent of 

 it ajipears to be to defend the head, for which 

 the turban is so well adapted ; to keep the leet 

 dry and moderately warm ; the loins well girded 

 and warm ; the chest free and i ool ; and the 

 neck free, without any pressure on its blood 

 vessels, depending for warmth on the beard. 

 All who have made tri.-d of the Turkish costume 

 have, I believe, expressed approval of it ; regard- 

 ing merely their comforts, its suitableness to the 

 climate, the ease with whiidi it is worn, inde- 

 pendent of its beauty and picliiresipieness of 

 effect. As regards the feet, it secures iiom corns 

 andliunions; which, until the inlioduciion of 

 the tight hoot, were unknown ;imong tlie Turks. 

 As regards the loins, the folds of Ihe shalwar, 

 and the pressure there applied by the waistband, 

 are a good |irotection from lumbago and dysen- 

 lery. 'I'lie turban is equally a defence from the 

 sabre, llie sun's rays, and the cold blast. The 

 dress of the Turkish women continues unalter- 

 ed : indeed, whilst I was in Constantinople, a 

 suspected disposiiion to expose more of the 

 charms o^he face was o|iposed by an edict ex- 

 pressly on the subject, lecpiiring a strict observ- 

 ance of the ancient rule of propriety. In prin- 

 ciple, the leniale costume is similar to the male; 

 avoiding ligature, excepting iiboiii the loins; al- 

 lowing tin? limbs t) be free in their movemeiils ; 

 and affordinir a graceful drn[ieiy, not designed 

 to display llie form of the individual liml-.s, and 

 well suited to decorum and a modest nature. 

 The. yashmac, tiie veil of the women, holds the 

 ))lace of the manly turban: it coyers the head,, 

 the neck, and: the wdiofe of the face, exce[iting 

 the eyes and nose ; and the feridjee, or loose 

 cloak "or mantlV!, performs the same service for 

 the rest of the body, excepting the bauds and 

 fi'et. Tlie imder-clolhiiig of both sexes is very 

 similar ; and, whether shirt or waistcoat, boddice 

 or drawer.s, is on the same plan of easy loose- 

 ness. Tlie form of Turkish drawers is well 



fitted for the dressing room : liuving no opening 

 in front, and of ample dimensions, it is easily 

 slipped on rising ; and confining a large quantity 

 of air, it is well fitted to pr-jvent the lower part 

 of the body from being idiilled ; on which ac- 

 count it is not undeserving of the attention of 

 persons of ilelicatc censlitiitioii and of invaliils, 

 esjieeially wiien travelling. It answers very well 

 even when made of innslin, sous to occupy very 

 little Sjiace in a arpel bag or portmanteau. The 

 Turkish shirt may be mentioned with commen- 

 dation as an excellent night shirt, without collar, 

 nicely fined lo ihe sliouldeis, with ample sleeves. 

 — Dr. Davifs Malta and ihe Ionian I.iUs, ^r. 



For tiie Farmer's Monthly Visitor.' 

 Extraordinary Farm Produce. 



A valued friend in London, has forwarded to 

 us the British Farmei'.j .Magazine, fbr Jun. 1843. 

 We take from it the ibilowing article, vvhich it 

 credits lotbe Northern Whig. — Fan;- t:r''3 Cabinet. 



Notwithstanding all that has been said and 

 written on agriculture in Ireland, and besides the 

 many instances' of snccessf"! practice in many 

 parts of the country, comparatively little is yet 

 known of the real fertility of the soil, and the 

 great capabilities of this hkher"o neglected part 

 of the empire. The people know not the pro- 

 ductive powers of their land : tor in few instan- 

 ces has a farm been brought, by judicious culti- 

 vation, to the highest point of its production. 

 Perhaps the most successful example of the ca- 

 pabilities of land, under (iroper management, in 

 Ireland, and ol' the immense crops which can be 

 raised, may be seen on the National Model Farm, 

 under the Board of Educaliou, at Glasnevin, near 

 Dublin. This farm, strictly conducted on the 

 improved system of green cropiung and house 

 feeding, contains .52 statute acres, and there are 

 kept on it, dnriii- the year, 22 head of cattie and 

 three horses. It suiiplies, on an average, ninety 

 persons d ring tl-3 year, wil'i farm produce, such 

 as tr.ilk, butter, potatoes, and vegetables of vari- 

 ous kinds; and furnishes the fi'vining establish- 

 ment with pork, besides a nuniber of private fam- 

 ilies with the above arlic'es. A considerable 

 qiianlity of vegetables are carried to market, and 

 all kinds of grain, which is abundant. Tliere is 

 at present a crop of oats upon the farm, the pro- 

 duce of 14i British acres. It is secured in eight 

 stacks, and is estimated by the best judges to be 

 equal to the average produce of 50 acres. It 

 stood peneetly close upon the ground, average 6 

 to 7i feet in height, the head and ear correspond- 

 ing ; the other crops, potatoes, turnips, Italian 

 rye-grass, &c., of Idiy quality', TIr; manager 

 conducts the farm on his own account; pays 

 £257 7s. 6d. pel- aunum, of rent, ListiJcs other 

 expenses, amounliug in all, to upwaids of £400 

 per year; and we are informed, and believe, that 

 lie realizes a very handsome annual sum from it 

 besides. He labors and manages it almost exclu- 

 sively by a number of boys, agricultural juipils, 

 and teat hers, wnoare there in training in the sci- 

 ence and practice of agriculture. As a test of 

 wluit land is capable of producing, when brought 

 to its highest point, there are fi-w examples so 

 appropriate as we have in this particular in- 

 stance ; there are, perhaps, more crops raised, 

 more cattle kept and fed, more human beings 

 supplied with the comiiion necessaries of life, 

 more manure accumulated, niore employment 

 given, and, in iiict, more money made, on this spot 

 of land, than on any oiher farm of the same ex- 

 tent, (conducted on a proper scientific rotation of 

 grain and green crop) in any part of the empire, 

 or the world. Did the average land of Ireland 

 produce only one half of the value, according to 

 (pianlity that is on this model fiirm, we should 

 hear no more of corn laws, tariffs, or want o( 

 employment amongst the jieople. 



Frora the Rochester New Genesee Farmer. 

 The Wheat Crop. 



We rearet to state that the appearance of the 

 wheat crop in Western New York, is very unfa 

 vorable. We mentioned last month that it wai- 

 bv no means prnmi.sing; and, since that time 

 the dry and cold weatlier has been very injuriou- 

 to it. " Wc dislike all croakinn, but we speak ad 

 visediy when we assert that the wheat crop o 

 Western New York will not be more than ha! 

 an avprago one. 



From all along the line of the canal throng 



