€l)e i^atmer's iUontlilg llifiitor. 



121 



asappaicnlly much deliglited to ("iiul thai he had 

 "so tuaiiy ijnod Crieiid.'^," as lie said; and also that 

 ho coidd travel, literally taking with him ''iieiiher 

 scri|» nor purse." After we litid allayed his anxi- 

 ety lest he phonid rjoi get hojnc that nifjht hy as- 

 suring him that there woidd he no tronljle ahoul 

 it, ihe old man ya.ve several gentlemen and the 

 writer, assembled at the Merrimack Honse in 

 Lowell, an animated description at' what he had 

 seen and heard while in Boston. Neiihi.-rhc; nor 

 BioMis had gone over to Bunker Hill with the pro- 

 cession, having lieen left hy accident — probably 

 Iiecause they could not be found when absent on 

 their morning's excursion to that place, at the 

 time the processimi u;i,s formed. This may also 

 acxoujit ior their names not appearing in the 

 printeil list. The old gentleman, although a 

 strong tenipenmce man — [we judge so from his 

 refusal to drink a glass of wine, and also by his 

 conversation) — appealed very jovial and cheerful, 

 and sang with nuicli spirit an ohi "continental 

 6ong" the \iord6 of wh-oh we do i]ot now recol- 

 lect. His step was tirm and elastic, but his eye- 

 sight failed him in the darkm-iss of the evening, 

 s^o that he could not distinguish objects plainly — 

 which, as well as the conlhsion attending the 

 arrival and departure of the cars, was the cause 

 of his hein:;- lelf, when leaving his seat for a nio- 

 iuti\n.^HilCs Patriot. 



son, and let them gather the fallen apples for 

 themselves. Some I'armers occupy their orchards 

 us pastures for their swine, from early spiing 

 until the last of August; and hy so doing keep 

 down the various weeds and grasses which oth- 

 erwise would draw nutrition from the soil, and 

 materially exhaust its fei tility. I'he swine also 

 arc serviciable in promoting the healthy growth ol' 

 the tiees, by keeping the soil about their roots 

 in a loose state. 



The principal objection against pasturing swine 

 in oirhajds, is, that their services are thereby 

 lost in the manniacture of manure in the hog- 

 yard. This objection though, does not exist, to 

 any considerable extent, against tni'ning the 

 swine into the orchard a part of each day during 

 Ihe few weeks rec]uisiie to consume the (alien, 

 wormy apples. 



Fur the Fanner's Monthly Visitor. 

 EiTois ii) the Treatment of Horses. 



When a horse shys, or shears, at some unac- 

 custojned object, and which all young hoi-scs will 

 do, never sjicak sharidy, or worse than tl]at,strike 

 hipn, if you would avoid his starting the nc^xt 

 time he sees the sann; or any similar object. Al- 

 most aiiy horse may be' brought lo a conlii'nied 

 habit of shying by such treatment. What should 

 be done, then ? Check him to a walk ; give him 

 time to see the object, and he will soon take little 

 or no notice of it. 



II" a horse stumliles or trips it is a coniinon 

 practice to strike him for tha\ This will not 

 mend his habits of tripping and stiuubliug, but 

 will add to them, if he has spirit, that of spring- 

 ing forward with dangerous quickness whenever 

 it occurs; as he will ex[iect the lash lo follow 

 tis a matter of course. The; remedy if it can be 

 railed one, is to keep an eye upon the road, and 

 w here frour stones or nuevenupis the failiiig is' 

 apprehended, tighten tin! reins and enliven the 

 horse, but never strike him after the accident. 



As yon would save the slrengtli and wind of 

 your horse drive slow np hill, and as \ou would 

 save his limbs, and your oivu, drive slowly down 

 hill. 



Never wash off your horse with coid water 

 wJien he is hot, or let him drink it frntly in that 

 state. If the water is ipiite warm, it will not 

 hurt him. 



Do not permit the suiith \vhen he shoes your 

 horse to cut out any portion of the soft part, or 

 what is callerl the frog of the ti)ol — this is apt to 

 gradually draw in the quarters of the hoof and 

 cripple the animal — an<l is reconuuended only 

 hy the smooth appearance it gives lo liie botioiu 

 of the foot, which is more apt to I'alcli a round 

 .>ioue in the crook of the shoe iliari oiheruise. 



Do not feed with grain, e.*-pecially cm-n, when 

 a horse is warn), cirv^n) much fatigu-jd ; if you do 

 you may founder and inin him. 



If you want your horse to last, and your carri- 

 age also, drive slowly. 



Do not keep a horse too (at. or loo lean, as ei- 

 ther disqualify him for bai-d labor. 



The more kiurlni'ss and good temper is extend- 

 ed to a horse, the better will ho behave in'relurn. 

 Bad temper aud bad habits come generally (i'oni 

 bad usage. TURF liO'OK. 



Germi.n.4Tion. — Gernnnation is the process by 

 which a plant is produced from a seed. It is, in 

 truth, the sjiringing into life of a new individual. 

 The phenoujena of germin;itiou are best observed 

 in dicotyledonous seeds; such, for instance as 

 the beau, pea, lu[)in, &-c. These seeds consist of 

 two lohes, at cotyledons, enveloped in a coiiuuon 

 membrane; when this is removed, a small pro- 

 jecting hofly is seen, which is that part of the 

 germ which subsequently becomes the root, unil 

 is termed the radicle; th.e other portion of the 

 germ is seen on carefidly separating tiie cotdydons, 

 ami is termed the ptuuiidrt •■, it afterivanls forms 

 the stem and leaves. When the ripe seed is re- 

 moved (ioni the parent plant, it gradually dries, 

 and may be kept often tin' an indeliuile period, 

 without urnlerguing any change; but if placed 

 under circumstances liivorable to its termination, 

 it soon begins lo grow ; these requisite circum- 

 stances are, a due temperature, moisture, and ihe 

 liresenceof ail 



winter. He buys a tract of 160 acres, and erectn 

 a small honse — a shejierd, wiih his dogs, lakes 

 the entire care of the sheep, ami can do so of 

 3,000 sheep, and 200 head of cattlf. 



You can thus easily |)erceive that if the farm- 

 er can procure the use of thousands of acres of 

 meadow for nothing ami hay for §1 per ton, it is 

 in vain (or the wool gioivcrs of Westeiu New 

 Yoik or New England, to undertake long lo 

 compete with the West. 'I'he injury to the wheat 

 cro|) by the winter will prevent ujany (iom eii- 

 gaging in it in Illinois, as extensively a.s the 

 admiiable soil would otherwise altenipt them 

 to do. 



What if yon have a patch on your knee, it is 

 nothing to be ashaujcd oi; It lays easier on the 

 mind than a writ at the door, or an interview 

 with a creditor, who ('eels you have wronged 

 him. Belter wear an old hat, an unfashionable 

 coat, or a p:;ir of cowhide shoes, ilian lo live ex- 

 travagantly, rim in in debt, and have every body 

 (eel that you are a viliian. There's noihing like 

 prudence and economy, especially if you are 

 striving lo keep u|i your credit. Who will trust 

 you, ifyou are pcoi' and lazy, dress in fine broad- 

 cloth, and display gold chains, rings and breast- 

 pins.' No one. But with a homespun coat, a 

 brown face, hard hands and indnslrions habits, 

 yon are sure lo be favored. Your iqjpeaiance 

 indicates that you are frugal aud will be a t^ut'e 

 cuslouier. 



For the Faniii^r's ftlomhly Visilur. 

 liUceriie, or French Clover. 



This is a s|iecies of ilie clover, nmcli cultiva- 

 ted in the Islaiuls of Jcisey and Gi;ernsey, which 

 pertain lo England, and also in ir.ngland .and 

 France to a considerable extent, it is said lo 

 The most favorable'temperature siu:ceed best in sandy or gi-avelly soils ; the heavy 



Gather up tour winur.iLi.s. — Farmers slioidd 

 see ihat all the green apfiles which (all from the 

 trees during the sununer, are carefully gathered 

 u|) and fed lo the svviue. If not, Ihe small mag- 

 gots or worms contained in them, which have 

 caused them lo fall from ihe trees, will perp(!lu- 

 ate the. s[iecies, lo perform the next year the 

 same predatory evils as the parent worm docs 

 the present year. Whereas if the. swine con- 

 sume the apple they consume the worm also, and 

 the evil is prevented by the deslruction of its 

 cause. When orchards .are so silualed as to be 

 ■ securely enclosed, the better way is lo turn in 

 the rwine during a few weeks at the [irojier sea- 



ls between 60 deg. and 80 (leg.; at the fretziu 

 point none of the most perfect seeds vegetate, 

 and at a lemperature above 100 ileg., the young 

 germ is usually injured. No seed will grow 

 without moisture ; water i.s at first absorbed by 

 the pores of the external covering, and decom- 

 posed ; ihe seed gradually swells, its membranes 

 burst, and the germ expands. The loot is at 

 first most rapidly developed, the materials for its 

 growth being derived from the col_\ledons; and 

 when it shoots out its fibres or lootlets, these ab- 

 sorb nourishment tiom the soil, and the phimnia 

 is developed, rising upwards in a contrary direc- 

 tion to the root, and expanding into stem and 

 leave.". For this growth, the presence of air is 

 requisite; if it be totally excluded, lliongh theie 

 be heat and moistiu'c, \bt the seed will not vege- 

 tate. Ileuce it is that seeds buried very deep in 

 Ihe earili, or in a sliiF clay, remain inert; but 

 on admission of air, by turning uji the soil, begin 

 to vegetate. Light is injurious to the growth of 

 the seed. It is, iherefore, obvious that iheditTei'- 

 cnt requisites ('or germiualicui are attained by 

 ])lacing a seerl under the surliice of the soil, 

 wiiere warmed by tlie sun's ray.s, and nioistened 

 by ihe humidity of the atmosphere, it ia exclu- 

 ded from light, hill tiie air lias access to it. — Far- 

 i^ncijchp-cdia. 



Illuvois Pkairif.s — SitF.Ke HijsBA.\DKy. — The 

 travelling corresjiondent of the Boston Adver- 

 liser speaks thus of the piairies of Illinois : 



The l>oundless and beautiful piuiries of Illi- 

 nois wiih a soil of unequalled richness, are lead- 

 ing lo the introduction of various agricuhnral 

 prodix-ts. such as flax, hemp, tobacco. This is 

 extensively raiseii rm the Rock river, and it is 

 said that aiiuut 200 tons will be expoited from 

 th.-it region during ihe present year. The cli- 

 niate of Illinois is said lo be suitable, and surely 

 its soil is equal to anylliing. But hy (iirthe mosi 

 important mailer is the very extensive introiliic- 

 lion of sheep into ibis State — so extensive, that 

 it is now probable that at the end of five years 

 there will bo more wool raised in Illinois than 

 in any oilier Slate in the Union. 



The fu'mers from Western Nev/ York are 

 driving their (locks, and Scotch and Knglish far- 

 mers are going very l.ugi-ly into the business. 1 

 have now befiu'e me a wealthy fiirmer of Wes- 

 tern New York, who has arranged to send out 

 •2,000 sheep this fall. The sheep run at large on 

 the praiiie in llie summer, of course, al no 

 charge. He pays, he tells me, §] per ton for 

 cutting and slacking 350 tons of prairie hay, for 



and clayey soils, ns well as those that are li.ahle 

 to he oveiflowed, not soiling it. As a crop for 

 soiling on suitable land none perhaps equals lu- 

 cerne. From some experience, I consider il as 

 a feed equal but not superior to clover, lo which 

 it is quite similar in appearance. I have seen 

 from lime to time accoimts of this crop — some 

 English st.itcments, showing ihat il has been cut 

 six or seven limes in a season ; but Ibis caniiol be 

 done in any part of this country, which every 

 where, is u drier climate than England, and 

 hence is less favorable Cor the lepeated efJbrls of 

 vegetation. 



Lucerne, when once well set, lasts for nnv 

 known number of years, and in iliis respect i.-, 

 superior to clover which dies at the einl of three 

 or four years, and is I'crhaps superior in longevi- 

 ty to a.iiy known anificial grass. My experience 

 and observation have convinced me ihat it is more 

 difiicult lo introrhice than iiio.st of the grasses. 

 Some of my neighbors had .so liitle of their seed 

 take as not to be worth coniinning; and upon an 

 acrev\liic!i was sowed w iih nearly double ihe 

 qiiamity of seed said 10 be sufficient, and sowed 

 equally, it came up quite regular, but now the 

 third year it cover.^ the gr'iund |netiy generally, 

 the roots wlieii thus !ia\ iiig groivn 1 ar"e and 

 spread wide. 



There is 1 lijiiik an error in supposing that 

 light, ihin lauds will proiiuce lliis grass and that 

 upon such land it can be cut a number of suc- 

 cessive time.-'. Ail experienced fanners are 

 aware that no land can stand unrenewed, exhaus- 

 lioii, but that the most exhansling crops are gen- 

 erally tho.=e of a sU'ong aiul ra[iid growth. Now 

 which crop can try the lantl more than one rut 

 repeatedly, and of such vigor as this is known 

 lobe.' As a soiliiig crop for milch rows, none 

 perhap.s surpasses ibis. A very small piece of 

 gronnd will produce a very large ]irp|)ortiona!c 

 qnaniily of feed. Bui there tinisi lie something 

 to go upon ; the soil must by irealeil gem ronsly, 

 aud what is put upon Ihe lamfninst bear sotue 

 deirree in proportion lo what is taken oft' from it. 



Lucerne renews its growth best in a moist 

 climate where the atmosphere is humid, and 

 does not seem to require a great qnaniily ol'rain 

 lo saturate the ground. Indend cnieof the qnali- 

 lies which favorably leconmnnds this grass is 

 thai il is not so readily rea<-!ied by dry svealher, 

 as its mots, and especially the top root, if it has 

 a chance, |i('nelrale very deep into ihe earlli. 

 No land therefore can be well prepared (iir the 

 sowing of lucerne that is not deeply stirred ; and 

 the erop.s so surprisingly large in Euiope have 



