^l)c Itinncr's iHon tl|iij hmiov . 



135 



ii.is l/es-n aMe. to do Willi M tlicii- sniiiiy rliiiialp. 

 Yes, ami it is tlit; w.iul ot llmsi' tr(i|iiciil luMincs, 

 tlidSH i-iiHi-vritiii^' hi-i'cZHS (if llii; siinlli, tlial lias 

 tiiM-pi Mil!, thai has !;pn-li lis, lliiil liai liili'iud, tiiat 

 ■ ler.-evviaiK-c, llial iiiiliislrv, lliat rrsdliilioii, llial 

 lire vvdilli all tlie spices iiiiil all tlic finlil "f llie 

 li„|,i,-s_(,-|ie.Ms.) Yes, it is this lliat tiialiles you 

 to MiaUe that lioast in uliieli 1 lio|ic' you uill |iui- 

 iiiil me, loi- my coiiiitiy, to join — 



" Man is tiie iinbltT growth our soil supplies. 



Andsnuls are ripened in our nunhern skies." 



(oheiTS.) 1 Ik'i; yoiii- imnloii lor the lcii<;th ol' 



time I h.ivi! iletaiiieil you. I assure you ili.it 

 wheu lliese shouts shall Iw liearil aeross liie At- 

 l.Hiiic, .IS tiiey uill in 18 or 19 ilay.s they will lie 

 eehoeil lioiii iiearts as wanii as ^ouis. — (cheers.) 



MR. coliian'.i SPEI'.CH. 

 Th« President, Lonl llaiilu ieke, ealleil U|iui) 

 Sir Cojiii.'Ui li-oiii Aiiii'iiea, to re|ily. 



iMr CoL>rA^ hejiaii hy ohserviiiir lliiit he never 

 rose with more dilfiileiice tliuii ii|poii this oeea- 

 sioii. He li'lt o|i|pressed hy ilie roiniciioii id his 

 iiiahllilv to say what would he worihy ol' the at- 

 tention' of itiis dislin-iiished asseuihly; anil hy 

 his tirateliil sense of the treat, neiit wliieli lie had 

 reeeived, whieh had lieeii uoiliiii;^ Inil a siieees- 

 sioii ol' acts ot" kiiiiliiess and liosjiiiality siiiee his 

 arrive.l ill tiie eoii.itiy. He ajjreed willillie iiohle 

 Pie.-ideiil in his aiimiraiion of the iiiijileiiiiMds 

 and niaeiiines exhiliileil in the Show yard; iiiit 

 he leli the yard with ^ical regret, that aiiioiiL;' all 

 the various and in^-eliions ijiodiietions, lliere was 

 not to he foimd a macliine fiir iiiaKiiij; a dinner 

 s|ieeeh. Hi' lio|ied that some one ol' llie iii^r,.. 

 iiiiiiis L'eiuleineii at the other end of tiie ilall, 

 mi^lii |i|-eseiitly sii|i|ily the delieieuey. It iiii;;hl 

 not he neeessary for tiie iiiemliers of the Ko\al 

 Agriculiural Soeiety, whose speeches lie desired, 



ill ihe laii^^iia-ie ot' the coimniltee, " to eoi eiiil 



irenerally ;" nor to tin; iMinisler I'lenipoienliary 

 iroiii the United Stall's, who has all admiraMe 

 machine ol' his own, which alwavs tnriis out the 

 l)i,',-i work : hill iiir .-iieh a poor wi,t:lit as limiselt', 

 t'rom the Yaidiee land, it miyht he exiremelv 

 convenient. 



.\gi icnllure was the preat sidject of that occa- 

 sfioii; .'iiid he meuil no invidious relli-eiion,s, 

 \\|ieii he pronouia'cil it the tirt of all arts, the 

 ioKiidalion of true vveallli, a source of rational 

 pleasure and useful occupation, and the ;;reat 

 conservator of morals. lis indispensahleiiess 

 must he universally ackiiowled;;e<l. They mi_lit 

 do without physicians, if they would observe 

 strictly the laws" of health ; anil wilhonl law\ers, 

 if they would kei'p their tempers ; and po>.iihly 

 without preachini!-, if every man would take care 

 of his ov'ii conscience ; and without soldiers, if 

 men would oliserve the firt-ul law of chrisiiaii 

 equity, and •■do to others as they would that oth- 

 ers slioiild do to them;" lint how they were lo 

 do wilhout the farmers Iir did not well see. 



Airiciiliiire, he had said, is the foimdatioii of 

 true wealih. It is indispeiisahle to liimiaii sub 

 sistence. Gold and silver are the mere e.\|io- 

 iients of wealih : and a man iiii^dit cominaiid the 

 mines of Golcoiida, and heap up his accumula- 

 tions of money as hiyh as the Andes, and yet 

 starve in tlie liiidst of them. Auriciilinre is the 

 source of many of the hi.vuries of lilc. Auricnl- 

 tiire is llivorabie to morals. He would not as- 

 sume for ll.c farmers more virtue than prevailed 

 in other classes; bii! lie would say of the agricnl- 

 tiiral proli'ssion, ilia' there is iiolhinsr in its pur- 

 suit prejudicial to •iood niond.s. AiiricnlUire is a 

 Ronrco of imiocent and rational pleasure. Many 

 of the brif;hiest ami best minds vvliicli ever a- 

 ilorned hiiinaii iiaiinc, have so I'onnd it. He be- 

 lieved his excellent friend, (ilie Duke of Rich- 

 mond,) for so his kindness permitted him to call 

 him, highly and justly as he prized the duty ol 

 defendinir'llis coinitr>'s honor on the field of bat- 

 tle, vvmild yet acknowledfre that he has found 

 some of his sweetest pleasures ill ll'.e |.iirsiiits of 

 aL'rieuhine ; ill the improveineiit of this an, and 

 ill i-eiideriiig the earlli prodnclivo for the suste- 

 nance and comfort of both man and beast. There 

 was another pi-eat mind, to their inieresl,iiiwhosi; 

 reputation be was surprised to liiid the English 

 were not more sensible ; he meant Was!iiiif;ton ; 

 for Washington was horn an Eii^lislmiaii, a Bril- 

 isli siibjeel, and defended the honor of the Brit- 

 ish Ha:;, and llouf;h afterwards he became an nii- 

 dutifiil son, yiH every fiiir mind would do justice 

 lo his convictions of duly. WiiKhiugtoii fbiilid 



ill iifiricidiilie the liii;liest and |)tiiesl gi'iiiificii- 



lioii ; a;id his a^riculliiral journals, as lliey ex- 

 hibit the most minute, and e.\acl atieiitioii to the 

 iiianajieiiieiu of his liir.'ii, evi-ii uinidst the bur- 

 densome uiid an.xions diiiies of public lile, are 

 aiiic)u<! the most inslrnclive documents ever giv- 

 en to the v\oi id. 



Eii^Hand t.ikes the lead of the world in tts im- 

 proved aj;riciiltiire. ft has lon^^ been disiin^uish- 

 ed Im- it.^ eiili^hteiieil improvements. Tlie names 

 of Tiill, Yoiin,:;, and J^iiielair, loriii a bii.ulit coii- 

 siellalitiii. There are other nanus lo be added 

 to theiii, ol' whom he would .say in the words ot 

 the limnaii poet, -'may it be late beloie they re- 

 turn to the siars,"wlio are destined In share 

 even a more briiliaiit iinmoilality. lie could not 

 speak bom personal observation, but Iroiii infoi- 

 uialion ; and it is said that of all nations, (Jeljii- 

 iiiii ha.'i iiiosi fully tested the prodnciive capaci- 

 lies of a r-iii-le acre. The ul'i icidlme of Ger- 

 many must be hi}>lily impioved, as he had the 

 most aiitlieiitic assurance from a German Irienil, 

 that he had himself assisted in ;;ullierni^- 4000 

 liuc-hels of potatoes from five acres of land, a 

 cro|i v\liicli lie iielieveil bad in no cmitry been 

 surpassed. The afir'.ciiltiire ol C;hina is ie|iorted 

 to be carried lo a liii(b deiiiee of perleciioii. It 

 is staled that the Chinese lileraliire has 27,000 

 treatises upon af;ricidiiiral siihjec;,--. This may 

 be C'hinesi! e.xa^jjeralinn ; bul one or two of the'ir 

 treatises, which bad been translated, he had read, 

 and be could say they showed iiitelliticnce and 

 exaciness of olisei vatioii. Indeed it would bald- 

 ly be v\ell lo treat with disdain the ajiiiciiluire of 

 even a barbarous iiatiiMi, who by their iijiriciil- 

 tiire had subsisted such all iiiimeiise |iopiihilioii 

 and accumulated siicli vast aiiiotllits of wealih 

 and laid so larue a poriion of the world under 

 tribute. Ann lieu is nr^iiij; on her aj;riculiiiial 

 improvenienis, and like >oiin<i; lulus, is lolhiu'ii}.' 

 ill llie patii of heralii-estor, " uilli one'pial steps." 

 'J'he advancement id' a;;riciillme, i.e deemed 

 amoiij; the biiiher piirsniis of pliilaiilliropy. its 

 moral and religious teiidf iicies deserved coiiside- 

 ralioii. There is every ihinjn in the cnliivalioii of 

 the earth lo iiivile the mind lo ihe contemplation 

 of lliat inv.,-ible and beneliceii' ajieiicy, which 

 from the wide spread table of its boiinly, supplies 

 the wants of all livinj; thinus. 



He would call the atlenlion of iliat assembly to 

 one other subject, and lliat was the iiiipiovemenl 

 of the condiiioii of the laboier. A lii^yh aiitlmr- 

 ily commanded ii>"iini to u iizzle ihe ox which 

 licailelli oiil the corn." Every eflnit should be 

 made f.ir the edncaiion and elevation of the la- 

 boring classes. It wa^ loo late ill li.e ilay to de- 

 ci\ tlie value or dispaiai;!' the influence ot eiln- 

 c.dioii, as tboufih it would injure the laborer. 

 He would ask ii' il injured those classes in socie- 

 ty who are already blessed wilii it.- It should be 



iiiveii to the laborinjr classes likewi.se, as a < - 



solation under their severe toil, and as ii meai'S 

 of wholesomo recreation, anil of wiihdrawiii;; 

 iheiii from ilie beer house anil oilier places ol 

 corruption, tind of inakinj; their homes more 

 bap|.v. 



Mr Colinati asked leave, in conclusion, to offer 

 the followiiiff seiiliiiipiit : England — ilie sun in 

 the political sphere ; likelier own Eddystoiie, a 

 bl.ize of li;;lit in the midst of the ocean. May 

 .sIk! send forth her radiance, not to wither but 

 to cherish ; not to inako desolate, but to (piicken 

 iiiid make alive. May her intelleciiial and iiio- 

 r.".l eneriiies be roncentraied upon the hifihest 

 objects of pliihmlbroiiy, the spread of kiiowl- 

 eir-re, the advanceiiient and difi'iision of the use- 

 bd arts, and the nniversiil extension <if civiliza- 

 tion, libel ty aiiit peace.— .J.'i;nu/ Cnllira'or. 



The liilliiwilih' is u clieup and efli dual method 

 of doiii^ all ll.is : 



VVlii.'ii convenient, llie pit should be on the 

 iioitli side of a wall or of some trees to shade of!' 

 liolli wind and rain. But these advaiiUijjes can- 

 not always be had, without too iinicli cost. 



llaviiif; selected the best plice lor your pit, 

 tirst lay in way toil, peat, or any soil as difTereiit 

 as possible from that of your farm, and jiive it a 

 hidlow surface, like a ^reat tea-saucer. Upon 

 ihis lay pol.ito siulks, and any oilier \ej;elablo 

 miiller, ea.sy to fin'iiient, and hereupon ii lajer of 

 dniiir. Nexi a layer of ve;;elable matter, as peat, 

 Iiirl, balk, rotten weeds, leriis, leaves, or any kiiiil 

 of dead veijetable, to increase your (piaiitity ; and 

 so every week, cover your dun;.' from the slaliles, 

 siyes, iScc., sviili three orliinrtvmes as mncli dead 

 vcfjelable matter; lliiis mi kiii^; up voiir heap in 

 alternate layers. 'I'lie urine should all rnii into 

 the pits from stables and all, by narrow drains, 

 where it will not he iiii'.cli e.Xjios il to evapora- 

 tion ; and anolhei such draVn slionld lead from it 

 lo a lower pit, lo catch the overflow iiijis when 

 there are any, and keep ihem to ihne.v back up- 

 on tli(^ dun;;, in dry limes. This lower pit should 

 be deeper aiul s;iialler than the otiiei', and n list 

 never be allowed to ovei Bow, as that would be 

 waste. It may contain ealibiifre stumps and oth- 

 er tbiuL's (litiicult to work, vvbieb may be thrown 

 hack upon ihe heap us they rot. 



The lower pit may be used as a store of lifpiid 

 mr.niire, foi waiei inj; your corn in May or June ; 

 which jiives it a start and miieh streiii;tlieiis ii9 

 i:rowth. \\i leaky ground, the boimm of llie pita 

 should be slannihed with clay, and stones or f;rav- 

 el stamped iino ii to haiileii it. 



The privy slinidd dischar^ie into the larye pit, 

 if pos.sihle, or ( Ise inio ihe small one; and coal 

 ashes (but not wood ashes.) iir«! flood to throw 

 where this comes out. iSaw-dust or tiuf-dnst 

 from the stack does very well. Honse-wasbints, 

 as soiip-snds, &c., should a.'v-o be thrown on ihe 

 heap; but the wash of ihe coimlry and heavy 

 floods (f rain should not be allovved lo enter it, 

 but be led iiiio the mead.nvs by other cbunnel.s-. 



Ill V'. el seasi lis, the tops should be slanted to 

 turn of!' Ihe rain. 



Eaili lajer of iIiiiifT beins povered with a layer 

 of peat or oihr r dead ve^ietable matter, the \\ hole 

 heap, when fiiiisbed, should be crusted over w ilti 

 wav-soil or other eiirlh lo retain the vapors. The 

 li'rmennilioii will be slower or qiiii ker, as it is 

 more or less covered and compressed. 



Wherever your heaps are made, wliellier in 

 the viii'd or in ihe field, yive them a bed of some 

 sort to absorb the draina;.e, and crust them ove|- 

 witli soil, and mix np the diiny beliire spreading. 

 The d.ainaae carries down tlii! streni;tli ol the 

 heap; somelimes enon;;li to kill the seed in the 

 place where the heap stood; whilst it VMiuld 

 have been ol' the greatest benefit if spread out 

 with the i\u\\ii.— Plymovih Htruld. 



Fiiendly Advice to Small Farmers. 



Practical difcdioiis for the place and mnnrtgemeni 

 of the Dung/nap. 



giR_Farmeis have iienerally found out the 

 ndvaiita;;e of havini; a diitii'-pit insiead of a diiii^- 

 heap; lint still Ihe rich drainage of the diiiij! is 

 much of it allow ed lo rim away. The urine from 

 the slable.«, &c,, does not half of it run into the 

 diiu'i, lhoii;;h it is the best parr, tiie ei-senre of 

 liie whole ; and the privy manure, ivhicli is bet- 

 ter still, is mostly nef:lecied idtojiellif ''• 



.'Ml draiiiiiiL's' from the slables, cow-houses, 

 and stves, should run into the pit, and the over- 

 flow in^.s should be caught in another (lit, to throw 

 back iti Hrv weulhei". 



Head and liuiul Labor. 



The Baneor VVbif; has the loUowing e.xcellen: 

 remarks oil this subject : 



What limiesl vocation can be named that does 

 not conlribnl", in a greater or less deuree, lo ilie 

 enjovment of' men? It may Ije humble, indeed, 

 bill it jioes to swell the mi;;iily at'yref;.ile: ii iiiav 

 be the rill that trickles from the moimlaiii side, 

 but it dilfuse.'^ fertility through the valley, and 

 miiiyles ils (hops nt last wiili the ocean. The 

 true American motto is and must be — marked 

 upon our forehead.-', written upon our door post 

 — cliamielled in the earth, and waited upon the 

 waves — InJuxIrij — Labor is Honorable, and idle- 

 ness is dislionorable, and 1 care not if it be labor, 

 whether it be of llie head or tlie hands. Away 

 with the miserable jaruoii of the polilical econo- 

 mists, who write so complacently iibonl the pro- 

 ducing and non-pioduciii': classes. It has no 

 liinndation in nature or experience. Whitney, 

 whose coltoii gin doubled the value of every acre 

 of land in the South, raised morecoiion willi bis 

 head than any twenty men ever raised wiili their 

 hands. Let im; exhort those of you who are de- 

 voted to intelle.-tiial piirsnit.<, to cherish, on youf 

 part, an e.-iidttd, and a jiist idea of ihe digi.ity 

 and vahie of manual laboi, and to make tiiat 

 opinion known in our works and seen in the 

 earnest of our action. The hilioriue men in this 

 coimtiy are vast in imn.ber, and respectable in 

 character. We owe to them, under Providence, 

 the most eladsome 8|iectack' tlic sun beliold.i in 



