^\}c #armcv's iHout!)Ir) iMGttor. 



147 



seldom costs more llian (il. per tiore, and it can 

 be (loiin crtecliiiilly liir lialf that siiiii. VVitliout 

 lit'ini;' (lr:iiii(.'c!, lljr i-old wet land.-- wliicli aliniiiKl 

 ill Kiifiiaiid will licit average jLi iiiishelsol' ulieat 

 |iei' acre, lakiiii;- into the account the great many 

 fields which Ijiiletl eiilirely. The sairie soil prop- 

 eily di'aiiicd, with the same labor and mainire, 

 will averai;e 30 hnshel;-, with double the qiinutily 

 of straw, and more than a liusliel per acre of 

 seed may bo saved. Here, then, is a difleience 

 of 15 hiishels per acre, which at 6s. amount to 

 41. 10s. and ailovviny- a load of straw more than 

 on the midrainoil land, wortli II. 10s., we have 

 just the cost of the draining, nr cent, upon cent. 

 on the capital. We have ourselves realised this 

 difference ; .-md-wc; have 10 acres of wheal in a 

 draineil Held, and 8 acres in another of c(pial 

 qiialply, but not ihained. of which the liist will 

 average liy estimate iiti bushels per acre, while 

 we do not e.\pect more than '20 or 'i2 from the 

 Qther. Tile poorer crop has been the most ex- 

 pensive, owing to the constant hoeing and weed- 

 ing reipiired to Ueep it clean, .'\lier this can any 

 proprietor or taiiant liesitate to have his heavy 

 and wet lands drained .' if ueitlier the one nor 

 the oilier have money to spare, let them borrow 

 it if they can, at live or six or more per cent. — 

 They will soon bi^ enabled to pay off (he debt; 

 but every piudcnt landlord sliouhl urge bis ten- 

 ants to drain, and offer to find tiles on receiving 

 five per. cent, additional rent for the cost of tlieiii. 

 — Gun/nev's Chronkle. 



For the Farmer's Monthly Visitor. 

 The Oalc. 



'■ The royal Oak — it wns the tree 



That sav'd his royal Majesty.'' — Old Fi-imer, 



There are said to he about two hundred and 

 lifly varieties of the oal<, all of them valuable, and 

 most of the kind particularly so. Among those 

 most generally known in this country is the white 

 oak, w liich is valuable for general uses where 

 limber of great strength is wanted ; but the live 

 o.ik is superior to the white oak in hardness and 

 solidity. 



The white oak is deemed better than the Eng- 

 lish oak, but does not reach so great a size, and 

 giovi's belter in this country than in Europe. No 

 tree of the forest has so long maintained the high, 

 we may say the highest rank, as this tree. The 

 oldest historians of |)rofaiie liislory mention it: 

 the |ioets of all ages have found in it a subject 

 worthy of commendation, and it has been a mat- 

 ter of regret to many that the unsparing axe has 

 left so \'tiw of the venerable monarchs of our 

 primitive forests standing as wiinesses of the past, 

 the present, and to reach the future. 



In England we learn that there are some oaks 

 from ten to twelve centuries old, and he that can 

 look upon these aged trees which have stood so 

 long in the face ol' the elements and have seen 

 so many generations pass awiiy, without res[iect 

 Ibr the venerable tree, must have little regard for 

 those who have gone before us. 



In the forest of Windsor are still the same 

 trees whose summer foliage shaded so many 

 successive monarchs, from William the Cnmpier- 

 or down to the present young Queen Victoria. 

 Here Shakespeare caught ihe images woven 

 iiy his tancy into his Mernj Hives of Windsor. 

 No tree strikes a faster root into the firm set earth, 

 or offers such powerful resistance in its branches 

 to the angry winds. 



In the choice of our ornamental trees have we 

 not overlooked this tree for a more sl\owy, short- 

 er lived variety — less calculated to endure and 

 carry with them to future times a venerable ref- 

 erence for the past.' They are of slow growth! 

 Be it so, and they are slow to decay. 



What offers a more sidiliine and lasting orna- 

 .nent to the residence of man, or to ornamental 

 grounds than "Jove's oak," claiming interest and 

 respect, anil adding by years to the respect paid 

 to it ? 



It is never too late to begin in a good work, 

 and the acorns from the native American oak as 

 well as those of the English oak which thrives 

 well here, might be obtained, and begin to run 

 tlieir race of time, eiukiring witii letters, laste, 

 and refinement. ' SYLVANLr?. 



The Falls ok Niagara. — Mr. Catlin's 

 Model.— Mr. George Catlin has this week added 

 to the other attractions of bis Indian gallery a 

 very ingenious and carefully arciirate model of 



this cataract and the adjacent country on both 

 shores, in which every field and fence, mill and 



fnclory, nay every single tree, is said to be an 

 exact porirait of the oi i^rinal. This model is of 

 .Niagara as it was in iS'lT, sixteen years ago ; it 

 is about \\\'c feet long by tour feet w iile. and on 

 the scale of 90 li;et to an inch. Of Niagara 

 river it includes about three qiiaiicrs of a mile 

 above the \a\U ; showing the rapiiL-s, which have 

 a fall ol" about 34 feet in that distance before 

 they reach the preci|iiccs over which this im- 

 mense body of water leaps at the falls, a descent 

 of 1 J4 feel. It also exhibits Goat Island, which 

 separates the llorse-shoc from the American 

 lidls:aiid in the main stream of the rapids. 

 Round Island and Half .^looii Island, near the 

 Caiiadiun bank, the ^and bar in the centre of the 

 slreaiif, and soiiili of Go.it Island, Quail, ,Moss, 

 and Ship islands, near the last of which the 

 steamer Crirolinc, after she had been fired and 

 towed to the rapids, was last seen, and where 

 she is supposed to have gone to pieces amongst 

 the rocks and rapids, as there what was just iie- 

 fore a mass of conflagration was suddenly ex- 

 tinguished. In the rapids which rush through 

 the strait separating Goat Island from the United 

 States shore, and leading to what are called the 

 American falls, are seven small islands, shown 

 in the model, the principal one being Bath 

 Island, which lies about midway, and lais been 

 made the centre of llie bridge of couimunicalion 

 across tlie strait to Goat Island. 'I'be names of 

 four others of these islands are the Cow and 

 Odt; the Bear and llie Hog. Goat Island, which 

 is 75 acres in extern, it appears, has been pre- 

 served, for the most part, in its primilive state, 

 clothed with its jirimeval forest ; its owner. Judge 

 Porter, whose mansion, in the slate of NewYork, 

 is shown in the plan, refusing several good of- 

 fers for it, as an eligible seat (or extensive inan- 

 nfitclure.s, from ils immense water power, and 

 keeping it for the convenience uiul gratification 

 of visitors to the falls, who pay a toll of a dollar 

 to cross the bridge, which the "judge has erected. 

 The two falls are nearly at right angle? lo e;ich 

 other; the Horse Shoe, which has an edge of 

 790 lineal yards, though the width of the river 

 at the foot of the fall is only 407 yards, fronts 

 nearly due north ; while the American fall, which 

 appears to be about 380 yards across, and about 

 the same distance below the Horse Shoe fidl, 

 fronts to the W. N. W. The Horse Shoe cata- 

 ract has a fall of 154 feet next Goat Island, and 

 150 feet next the table rock on the Canadian 

 ''ide. The American fidl, next Goat Island, is 

 158 lt;et : and next the state of New York, UT.i 

 feet; and at this |ioint the width of the strait or 

 Niagara river is 577 yards. Near this point is 

 the only safe ferry below the fills for nearlv 

 seven miles. On tlie United States side are 

 shown, on the model, the inanufaetuiiiig village 

 of .Manchester (as it was in I8->7, but it has 

 since been considerably extended); with the 

 saw, flour, and paper mills; nail, woollen, and 

 cotton liictories ; General Whitney's liotel ; the 

 road to Eewiston, &c. On the ('anailian side 

 are seen the thick woods covering the bank, 

 For.sytb's hotel. Brown's hotel, the descent lo the 

 cavern beneath tlie falls, mnler Table rock, and 

 the roails to Bufialo, Queen's Town, &c. with 

 Street's mills, and other manufacluring eslab- 

 lishments above Half-inooii island. .\t the foot 

 or north side of the model, is shown a geologi- 

 cal section of the strata, viz. alluvion 75 feet ; 

 beneath it the geodiferous limestone, 87 feet; 

 and below that, shales and slaty gypsum, of un- 

 known depth. The dejitli of water at the ferry 

 is T.;0 feet ; its surface being below the lime- 

 stone, ami its bed extending fiir into the shales. 

 iMr. Catlin minuiely surveyed the whole of the 

 neighborhood, to the extent embraced by model ; 

 and then, accompanied by Judge Porter, who 

 verified the survey, went up to the Black Hock 

 Ferry, llie narrowest part of the river, where it 

 is seven furlongs in width, in order to calciiiate 

 the (|uaiitity and weight of water passiii" over 

 ihe falls. They found by logs that its average 

 speed was 6 l-'3 miles per hour ; and its averaire 

 depth, IC feet ; so that ihiongh this narrow strait, 

 which is only 30 miles froin Lake Erie to Lake 

 Ontario, and forms the only outlet for Lakes Su- 

 perior, IMichigan, Huron, Erie, and Lake of the 

 Woods, (coniaining a watery area of 153,000 

 srpiare miles,) there could not be less than 1,715,- 

 000 tons of w.iter pass a gi\'cn spot per iiiinute. 



or 103 niillion Ions per hour! As comparatively 

 few of our Manchester readers will probahlv 

 ever see this grt'atest wonder of the .\meric:m 

 continent, we recommend all who wish lo rea- 

 lize a [liclnre of iNiagara to visit tiiis bcautilid 

 model, wilhont delay: and tliey will snon form 

 a better conception of tin: relative positions and 

 proportions of various places, than they can ever 

 hope to do, by reading the account of every 

 tourist who has attempted to describe this won- 

 derful scene. — Manchester {Eng.) Oiiarilian. 



From tilt; Ladies' Repository. 

 •' II 11 H o w c d i) e t II y name I" 



EV MISS C. KUGAKTUN. 



UallowrLl '. ay, liallowrd I ir t ■iliilio in pi.iycr, 

 But ill ourila'dy thoughts and daily speech'; 

 At altar and at hearth-stone — everywhere 

 That temple-priests or home-apostles preach.' 

 Oh, not by words alone, bat by our deeds, 

 .\nd by our faith, and hope, and spirit's flame. 

 And by the nature (>\' our private creeds, 

 \Ve hallow best and glorily Thy Name. 

 INature doth hallow ii. In every star. 

 And every Hower, and leaf, and leaping wave, 

 She praises Thee ; who, from thy riralm afar, 

 .'^llcll stores of beauty to tiiis fair eai-th gave. 

 But these alone shcmld not Thy love proclaim — 

 Our hearts, our souls resiniud — '■ All Imllowcd 6t Thi/ 

 Name !' 

 Shirhy ^'illagc, Mass. 



1* or the Farmer's Monthly Vi.sitor. 

 Native Cattle. 



Jlest Tisbuni. Orl. 8, 1843. 

 Dear Sir : — On looking at the last number of 

 your Visitor I was much pleased with the eood 

 sense evinced in the remarks of "New-Ham[)- 

 sbire" on "our breeds of Cattle." He could not 

 have chosen a better subject in my opinion. There 

 is no folly more worthy of the lash at this trmc 

 than that of buying bull calves at a couple of 

 hundred of dollars each. Dishley bucks, and 

 other impurteil animals which suit our climate, 

 soil and markets as illy as the institutions of the 

 country whence we bring them, woidJ sour demo- 

 cratic tastes and tempers. The headlong zeal of 

 the ignorant to purchase blood stock reminds me 

 of the scene in the play called "The Merry days 

 ofKing Charles," where the eager chopsticks rush 

 forward to possess themselves of Rochester's 

 Pilks. 



The Irutli is and has been, that we want no 

 iniportetl stock — no Short Horns, Alderncys, .or 

 Cotswolds, but simply improvement of the breeds 

 we have now. We have as good a breed of cat- 

 tle — the red catllc of New England, as there is 

 in the world. .A breed that Col. Jaqiies would 

 place along side of Colling.'^, Ciiliey'sor the beeves 

 of the Scotch prize-show, any day in the week, 

 and ask no fiivonr. This breed has become adapt- 

 ed to our climate and soil, and will grow as quick 

 to a given size ulieii in the yoke — will pertbrm 

 twice the labor when in milk, give more milk, 

 and altogether .^nit ihe firmer of limited means 

 and stinted pastures immeasurably better than 

 the pampered breeds brought over the water by 

 amateurs of wealth, or by others to make money 

 of them. 



"The Durhams an; beauliful animals," exclaims 

 one at my side. True. "And what kind of a 

 coach could I Ty Veller drive for 500,000 pounds 

 a mile, all cash paid down," said that eminent 

 man, Samivel's liilher, when discoursing on rail- 

 roads. And I say produce me a Short Horn 

 beautiful, sleek, and weighing some 1.500 at two 

 years ohl bred on the light soil of Plymouth, 

 Bristol, or Essex counties. I want a stock adapted 

 to a ))oor soil, and stinted iiasture;and 1 have 

 them. My sheep will weigli never more than fit'- 

 ty five pounds, generally about forly-lwo, but, 1 

 turn them out in the fall, and I seldom sec them 

 till spring. They are as hardy and tough as the 

 gulls on the sea shore. My cattle are small — my 

 oxen at eight years old will oiil\ "cigli from !'f0 

 to 1000 pounds, my cows from ."iOO to .550 pounds. 

 The oxen are strong and hardy, carrying as much 

 as I call get on a commaii cart id'any of the bulk- 

 ier farm products. .My co\\s frcipii'iilly in tin- 

 grass season make ten pounds of biilter a week. 



It may be dis|iuted, sir, but 1 adirni lliat upon 

 the richest grass lands in your state I can carry 

 a greater weight iqioii an acre in small caltle Ihan 

 in large, and ilmiiig llie winter season the gain 

 in the fodder is incalculable. I have had large 

 oxen, and lilcrallv thev "ate me out of house and 



