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mum 'till i-i'irir 



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J-ul'uUt 5 irtJuUti)!!) 







(iMlil ilie riisk is IllU'rl, \\ lieii it is U> be cli).-;e!j' 

 lie:i(l(Ml up." 



Cliiifl' liiis. it is Weill Unown, been frefjiiRiUly 

 used (or packing ;\pplcs, but lij' itself it is not ;i 

 tintticieiit ;;ii;ir(l iifriiinst loss, iind bus been ^'enei- 

 jilly iliseanlcil, iis it vviis loniid lo iriibibi' :inil le- 

 liiiii nioistniv, ciui.-in;.' tile njiples to niiinlii .-uitl rot 

 woise tbiin tbiv wunlil if paoked abmi-. Oiift of 

 two qnails ol' cansiir liMii' is HmouI lo itiecHially 

 ooiuileiart ibis tendency toabsoil) iiioisluie; tlie 

 little w bicb enters llie cask lieinj; attracted l)y tbu 

 lime ratber tbaii ibe cliaft'. We liave bad no ex- 

 ])eriiMiee in tbis ineiboil of pieservin;; apples, 

 but ibe tbt'ory is a good one, and vvc dmibt not 

 woiil<l lie snccessl'nl. Il is besides so vei'y easy 

 in application that we tliink many would do well 

 to lest ils efficiency ibe [)reseiit season. — Albany 

 Cidtivtiloi: 



Notes fioin the jouriiies and couversations of 

 the year 1843. 



In A|iril last, Ibe eiiilor called on tlie Hon. 

 Dixon H. Lewis, who remained at the ciiy of 

 Washington after the close of ihesittiuir of Con- 

 gress R few days. At his rooms he bad the mod- 

 els of several inventions, by au inuenimis iiie- 

 cbatiic, one of bis constituents, ISii-. Jubii \i. 

 Remington, a resident of Lowndes county, Ala- 

 linmu.. 



The first was an invention for strenjriliKning 

 timber by means of the lever, by wbicli the reacti 

 of bridfjes and rail roa<ls may be extendeil witb- 

 oiit aliulmenls. Cm in sefiments the sirini; piece 

 bears immense weight on tlie principle of ex- 

 tending' till- (iressure of the wei^rht alon;;- the 

 whole line instead of makino; it bear upon a 

 sinjile point. Mr. Lewis weighed at that time 

 425 pounds; (in better bcailli we mulerstand be 

 since wei<;hs 465!) The model strin;; was scant 

 half an inch in diameter; yet it bore the whole 

 vveiylu of Mi: Lewis upon it. Two connnon 

 jitrsons mi;;ht stand upon it bouncing upon it, 

 with their whole force, wiilioiit break or fracture. 

 The pressure was extended along the line from 

 end lo end ;• of com se very little power except 

 at the ends was rerpiired lo sustain the main 

 Euppurting timbers. 



Mr. L'nvis also exbibiteil the modid of a Ccu'ii 

 grinding Mill invented by Mr. Ileminglon : tbis 

 mill is made to catch the wind bl.jvving in any 

 direction, and sirikes the vviii:;s from one to lie 

 other carryini; the power round the entire circle. 

 The principle of this wimlmill is similar to the 

 sailing of a sliip witero the wind tilling the sails 

 from all points, excepting that (Hieclly abe.nl, is 

 made to exert a power equally effective as when 

 it blows directly in range of the point of sailing. 

 To the fresh water sailor like ourselves, it is u 

 great pleasure in the stalely blowing of the breeze 

 I'rom the west with the man at the helm direct- 

 ing the cour.se in a due soirlh'West dh-ection, to 

 see the tilleil siils forcing the ship along appar- 

 ently in the face of the wind wilh all ils power 

 as if acting in a diieciion nearly'opposiie that in 

 which it strikes the liice'. 



Mr. Lewis, from the s;iine ingenious inventor, 

 exhihiied a moilul for raising water upon a de;id 

 level by which the cotmncni grain mill, at an ex- 

 pense not exceeding olie hundred and fifty dol- 

 lar.J, may be made to grind fifty bushels ui' crn-n 

 in a day. Jn this invention the pressure of ihe 

 ulinosphere is made to perforin the useful ser- 

 vice of raising the water [)ower to its due ele- 

 valiim. 



From the same hand was shown a machine 

 for cleansing colton by separating the seeds and 

 filib, of very simpl.' con.«truetion, vvbereiii a single 

 dog will do the work of four nudes on a machine 

 of the connnon construction. 



Another very useful invention by Mr. Reming- 

 ton Uiis a Ditching Macdiinc, by which a mile of 

 ditch four Icet wii!e and fijiir and a half f(;elileep 

 in plain or prairie soil may be made in a day. 

 Tbis macbiue throws out the earth as it proceeds, 

 and is worked wilh four horses: u saw in this 

 machine cuts off all roots in the way. 



Mr. Lewis is now, as be ba.s been for many 

 years, a member of Congress in the House of 

 liepresenlalives from the State of Alaliama : he 

 is likewise a disiinguisbed amateur and promoter 

 of ihe iijijric.nliin'e of the country. Under the 

 disadvantages of person which his appearance 

 indicites, his great industry has made him not 

 only iiseful as the represeiitalive of his State, bin 

 be has done and is doing imich lo promote the 



useful improvenients of llie country, Ife well 

 understands the use of newly iinenled instru- 

 ments for liiri' ing and other purposes; be says 

 be consiileis no yomplicated maebiiis lo be vabi- 

 ahle. The samples of the .Vbdiama inventor, (or 

 which be was Ihe ageia at VVii>bmgioH in enter' 

 ing anil securing the patent, were boiiorable ti> 

 that y(nmg Siale, and may do liiHoh li>r prcnnot- 

 iiig llie grow til ami prosperity of ibe new Stales 

 souih and west, as well as that of older Slates 

 where they shall l)a Uronglit i4Ho use. 



Among the most iuleresiing men of the coun- 

 try who has not tigmy.l in public life is the well 

 known merciiaii!, Mr.lMalthias liruiu, the owner 

 of the be.uniful sent at I'erlb Amlioy in liio Ssat>? 

 of New Jersey notired- liy every iKi.-rser-by. We 

 derived ureal plea:-nre from a few dTiys residence 

 and o|iportunilies t>f ^fonv^'rsaiiou wjlh thi.'^gen^ 

 lleman la.st winter at Wasbingion. At tlie age- 

 ol' seveniy-seveu years- !«; had all She activity and 

 enej;iy of a man at lite Uiiibllo age of life,. He 

 was at VVashingtou ui a- |>eriod c^f eonsidesilvie 

 excitement among ibe diifl'erent religious denouii- 

 naiions. Mr. Knapp wa.^ there and fireacheiV at 

 the old theatre liir sevetaJ. successive daya ami 

 icighls. iMr. U. adendeiJ a,ll iJiese lueeHugs with 

 great pnncluaiity. Alllimigb'active in llie uliairs 

 of woihily liusiness, bo i>ku!o religion, the "cuve 

 thing needlul," the main objiect- o4' lijs thoiigl.'ts 

 and conversation. He c;niw) to- WashiDgiim lo 

 < ontest in the Supreme Cixnt- of l-lm Unil-ed 

 S.'ates an after responsibilisy where be (lonld myl 

 have the least personal inleres*., fsHHiivvliicbi vve 

 lielieve, on the trial be siircsei.Uji!' in- relieving 

 himself. Several years ago U« wa;? n-p»>ii- lix 

 bond lo the government for icit dtuies eC Tboras- 

 as Smith and Company of the ril-y of New Voik : 

 upon Ibis bund he paid .'J'JOOjOOtV tor wbitdi' Ire 

 never has bad a dollar of fier.^onid Ueiteiit. — 

 Tweniy ye.ars ago lie erected Site bi'icU. sU^fes 

 upon the wharf at Ani!iii_\ at ihe cost. »f .S"iO,G(JO : 

 these stores, iiir several late _\ e;irs siii-ce tJie vviit-e- 

 bonsing of teas has been siispendeil, liuve r«iited 

 at scarcely -$400 per unnuiii. 



The only daiiuhter of Mr. Bruin umrrieili the 

 Reverend Dr. Whltelionse, a sellled clergviiian 

 at Kochesler, New York, of the Protestisnt Kpis- 

 copal denominalioji. So ailached vias Dr- Wliiie- 

 liouse to his peojile that be has deehikjd. a 

 situaliuii ill the city of New York wiib a sid+iry 

 double that which be receives at Rochesser. 

 With his son-indaw and dau;;hter, Mr. Brniii 

 travelled one year in Europe, visiting the varions 

 stales .'ind kingdoms of that seciiun of the world. 

 He purchased, mostly in ltal_\, statuary and paint- 

 ings and books of the various langnaiies, wbicli 

 he has arranged in an extensive. Ii.dl attached lo 

 llie elegant mansion at Ainboy where be resides, 

 his son, son's wife ami niece composini;' his limi- 



iiy. 



Mr. Bruin, pursues Agriculture and Horticnl- 

 lure at bis Amboy counlry seat. He culiivates 

 many of the varidies of lU'iiamental and friiil 

 irees. His extensive and eleg.inl garden grounds 

 are laid otf in sipiares: besides what is orna- 

 mental, he eullivales some ol' the squares in what 

 is useful. On a srpiare of seventy leel be. usual- 

 ly riiises 25 bushels of potatoi.'S ; but with the 

 use of green sand m.-u'l which be has lately in- 

 troduced be has increased the quantity raised on 

 a single square lo 70 busbels. The green sand 

 marl, Mr. Bruin says, is foiiiid in Sew Jersey no 

 where easterly of the river Rarilan, nor has it 

 yi.t heel) found either on Stalen ishind or Long 

 Islainl near to New Jtivey and the harbor of 

 New York. The marl wbicdi he uses is bronghi 

 in lighters and sloops lioin Sbrewshnvy, further 

 south on the coast of New Jersey. He thinks 

 ibe origin of the green sand mai I which under- 

 lays much of the sterile grounds in the westerly 

 pan of New Jersey, to be successive and exten- 

 sive oyster beds which grew in former distant 

 ages when the country was sul)mer"eil and form- 

 ed a part ui' ihe se.n. 



Mr. Bruin remarked that be had seen layers of 

 oyster shells in the process of decomposifnin and 

 liiange to marl, upon the Savannah liver in 

 Ceorgia, taken from top to bottom of a perpen- 

 dicnbir bank — from which circumstance he be- 

 lieves the marl lo have originaieil from marine 

 shells. Some marl is grey, some black, and some 

 nearly while: the grey marl is consldeied best 

 for agricultural uses. 



Mr. Brtiiij informed us that ho bad made five 



acres of heavy clay loam land with a thin upper 

 mold highly productive simply by the applica- 

 tion of several hundred Umiia of clear eawi from 

 the sea shore H> his ne':glil«>rhood.- 



The ednor of lbs VisiKM" wfas ve.-y much in-- 

 tei'esled and graiilied wilh ihe inforuialiou de- 

 rived in several hoHrs' convers.aiion wilh MiV 

 Bruin, He Ikis in his time contribuied a l.irgc 

 share tovvards she welfare of olbers- ami lor ibe- 

 benefit of our comiuou country ; in good old ag^ 

 he eonlinnes his eflbrts to be useful. ]n tin 

 sjuiet cf a most l.appy et>ntentn>ent with the al- 

 lotmeirrs of Providence, in the coi'iforts of ; 

 hfavenly ho|ie, may bis few reiBtiiniirg last tlaj.'> 

 Iw his best days, and his reward be that of Ihe 

 " good and fakblul" in the ]<iy of Ifm Milker and 

 Saviour, 



We Fiavc heicTbrore more jhan once t'lflvcrtet?^ 

 to the exee'lenl arrangement and lutmagcment of 

 aj;rit-n!lural affiiirs at the Miass»usdn*eeit.'! Stale- 

 Hospital for the lii.san* at WorcesKer. Having iiT 

 February I'iisl i*K;iii) visile.'!- and spent ii fnll da- 

 at that institution, recurriivg to our uiemorandi- 

 wtj think the progress there made worthy ihe at- 

 ieiiliou of l>oU.i tho phiUuitbropist and tlie liirni' 

 er. • 



The ma.?ter spirit of this instrtiitlon is Doct. 

 9. B. Woodward, who lias been at its head from 

 the coiumenceiiMinl some twelve years ago, who 

 never left it for a iJ'.-iy for tlie fi^rst Swo years, and 

 ■.ybo~ in- all the time ha.i varely l>een absent one 

 week at ([ time. In all its arra!igPi;ioiilS' tliiji 

 gentleman isalwayn at home—be direcis inwioora 

 HuiJ-out, and is the liest e.ijtonent of every in- 

 sirmueiit aiMf item of itb ntanagemenr.. 



Much of tire money expended in the ereerToi> 

 ftir clmritable .-iiid other public inslitntions of 

 massive hnihiiugs vve ceiis!<ler to be Utile better 

 :baR itirovv.i is^way, Tiiese^ greaf estienses are- 

 usiuiUy eilber directly or indirecrfy tlirov/n upon 

 llhe oJ'ject of charily ttr In? benefitted. Of the 

 seve.^'al Ins.^ne Hospitals^ vvirb:!? his Knowledge- 

 Doct. Woodward wiles- llie cost of building ancS 

 other ap|iaratn.* as follow*: '.he AI'Lean bospital 

 at Boston, ^000 or an annual slvarge at fi pel' 

 eeiii. of f.120 fop each paiienl ; ¥tica, N. Y. 

 aiOOO or $<jO ; Wojcsste? ^00 or $30 : Con- 

 cord, N-. H. 8050 or S'2J. The Uiica hckipital,. 

 an insiiiution under ibe patronage «f the Em- 

 pire Stale in il-s inatn btiildiivg aloiw cost $"230,- 

 009: the land luid hiiildiiurs attached to the 

 M-'Le.in charity at Boston,. i!in9t have cost eveni 

 iHoi'e in proportion ; while the VVor«ester Stale- 

 hospital cost only aboiil one foorlbjand tlieCon- 

 ccs'd hospital less than o)ie shtth the whole ex- 

 pense; of laud .-md buildings of lbs latter — and 

 these of tiic very best kind for permaiitnce and 

 corr^fo1■t — heVtig ou-ly ahtiul $30,000.. 



The Woreesrj-ir iKispiial- under the n>an.-igR- 

 incut o-l SXici. Woodward and its judiciotis trus- 

 tees niid voluniary Hiiaiicier, A^ D. Foster, Esq. 

 with a g?nerons use of tba bei>l fooil and medi- 

 cal pre));iroti»ns liir the inmates, ha.-f been almost 

 a self-supi'oriing inslitnlicMi : the IxiJanee paid 

 from the State ireasury has scarcely ainoHUled tt> 

 the sum of 82000 a year. 



The individuals supported at the Worcester 

 hospital, neaily all adults, fvr she two hist _\ears 

 have exceeded in ntimlHir lonr hundred. To 

 imagine that lintiiber of ujaniacs, many of them 

 raving mad before they are brought there, col- 

 lected anil living together under one roof, wonlfi 

 seem lo those who have found the greatest vii;i- 

 lance ami maiiual strength and sometimes chains 

 necessary lo make safe a single mad individual, 

 ,-1 wmider next lo impossibiliiy. Of the average 

 number of 430 in the year 1843, il was found 

 that 400 attended religions services on the s;ib- 

 buth. We had ihe high gralitication lo attend, 

 at she chapel erected for ihe pnriiose, both the 

 Sunday I'orenoon and afternoon service, and 

 never were we present at a more attentive or 

 orderly listening audience : it was jdeasina to 

 witness in the choir of singers, iTialesand females 

 uniting in harmony of voice, presenting the most 

 perfect order from what might be considereil the 

 clemenls of discord. 



The Worcester hospital originally of the size 

 of the new insiiiution at Concord, has been once 

 extended with convenient wint'S doubling the 

 halls of accommodation. Jt being found siilltoo 

 small, the trustees have asked and obtained of 

 the State authority lo make additional buildings 

 for 150 patients, the erection of which has al- 



