6 



iS:i)C iiavmcv's inantl)b llisxtov. 



We hope many of our friends will make trial 

 of this mode oi" iircpnring the milk to he set 

 nwny. People who have li'.rjre dairies will he 

 imich assisted if they eaii make as good hutter 

 in Novemher and in December, as in the early 

 part of autumn. The churnin<r is commonly a 

 tedious business wiicn the milk is set away in the 

 usual mode, ami the butter when it comes often 

 looks like lard. 



The milk must not be allowed to boil over the 

 fire, but it should he made scalding !iot : it may 

 come near boiling. — Boshn Ploughmnv. 



Notes from the Journovs and Conversations ot 

 1813, 



Faiiming on the Ohio river. — In a former 

 number of our Visitor, we advened to the com- 

 inendable example of Gen. Archibald Hender- 

 son, connnander of the U. S. marine corps, in 

 his improvements on the sterile groundiJ, htin- 

 dreds of acres of which have for years remained 

 unoccupied, near the Capitol cf the Union : v.e 

 there noted the fact, that Gen. F{. had procured 

 the larijest crops of excellent English hay on 

 these grounds at a com[)aratively smiill expense. 



Gen. Henderson is a Virginian by liirth ; and 

 his native State has presented him with a splen- 

 did sword as the reward of his gallantry on board 

 of one of the United States ships at the head of 

 a small band of marines in a naval action during 

 the last war with Great Britain. 



The father of this gentleman was cotempora- 

 ry with George Washington and among the civil 

 fathers of that mother Stale of lhe!^oulh, Virgin- 

 ia : he was often of her Legislature and among 

 her most esteemed public men. Even before the 

 revolutionary war the attention of the oldest set- 

 tlers of Virginia near the Atlantic border was 

 tin'ne<i to the West. Kentucky was settled from 

 Virginia ; and Lexington, the fairest of her cities, 

 owes its name to the circumstance of the news 

 of the fust blood spilt in the war of Independ- 

 ence at the town of Massachusetts of the same 

 name having been received on that ground by a 

 band who had there located as her first settlers. 

 The occupation of Gen. Washington in his youth 

 was that of a land surveyor, and in this business 

 was he often engaged in those (larts of Virginia 

 and Pennsylvania bordering upon the Ohio river. 

 It will be remembered that in early life he exe- 

 cuted the dangerous and difficult commission, 

 under the royal governor of his native State, of 

 passing through ibe wilderness for tl:e purpose 

 of reconnoitering and ascertaining tho condition 

 of the preparations made by tlie French govern- 

 ment which had creeled a tort and slockado 

 comman<ling the river Ohio, called Fort l>u- 

 (juesne, now the hication of the flourishing city 

 of Pittsburgh. 



The military journeys of Washington gave 

 him an ojiportunity to Judge of the value of the 

 lands beyond the Alleghany mountains: he he- 

 came himself the jiroprietor by purchase of ex- 

 tensive tracts. Oilier Virginia gentlemen did 

 the same thing. Albert Gallatin, who is now 

 among the very few survivors of the revolution, 

 who Qame to (his country vvhon yoinig, was first 

 a profbssor and tea. her of the French language 

 at the University of C"ambridg«>, «nd afterwards 

 located himself at Uiclniiond. lie was also a 

 land surveyor, and on account of (he excellence 

 of the S(ril, he was induced to remove himself to 

 the head waters of the Ohio, on what was after- 

 wards conceded to Pennsylvanin. This gentle- 

 man at an early day introduced the manufacture 

 of glass first in tlic western country, which has 

 been many years and continues to he carried on 

 at what is now called the "Iron city" — a place 

 already eminent for its prosperity and its superi- 

 or manufactures. Mr. Gallatin's location was 

 some thirty miles eastward of Pittsburgh among 

 the Alleghany mountains. He early represented 

 this part of Pennsylvania in Congress, and al 

 the commencement of Mr. Jefferson's adminis- 

 tration was selected as the second oliicer of his 

 Cabinet. Tliis gentleman, we have understood, 

 at that early day, was eminently successful both 

 as a farmer and mamiliictnrer in tho \vestern 

 wilds of Pennsylvania, having fallen into that 

 part, first claimed as within the limits of Virginia, 

 which was aftervvards conceded to Pennsylvania. 



In this western co\mtry the father of Gen. 

 Henderson made the pitch for a farm on the Ohio 

 about twenty miles below Wliccling, in Wood 

 county, Virginia. This farm consisted of about 



fJ.'JO acres of river alluvion, and the like rpiantity 

 of higher upland. To show the results oi' south- 

 ern and western farming even where the owners 

 ore absent, we have been induced to notice this. 

 After the death of his father. Gen. H. became the 

 owner of this farm : in the appraisement of the 

 estate he accounted as for the benefit of the heirs 

 for this property at the price of !*f?,,')UU. Twenty- 

 five miles below this liu'm in the Ohio river is 

 Rlannerhassetl's island, which at the time of 

 Bmr's expedition and alleged conspiracy was 

 rejiresented as one of tho most spletidid and 

 gorgeous spots on earth, adorned with all the 

 beauties which a liberal expenditure could add 

 to the sponlaneous productions of nature, and 

 which afterwards became desolate from the tnis- 

 fortunes of its owner v\howas involved in the 

 alleged treason. The farm was carried on after 

 its purchase by Gen. Henderson ten years, and 

 was conunitted to the charge of a laboring 

 Scotchman who pursued the business of his IJirm 

 after the maimer of his own country, and who, 

 after paying the whole expense of carrying it on, 

 in the space of seven years paid over to its own- 

 er a net profit of 80,000. The Scotchman came 

 to the country without property, but so good 

 were his wages and other privileges granted by 

 his patron, that at (he end of the term he was 

 able to purchase the one half of this farm, for 

 which he paid $10,000, more than doubling in 

 value the original price. 



Tho course of cultivation of liio alluvial soil 

 has been two years planting with Indian corn, 

 manuring well the second year — (tcir here, al- 

 though in the fertile west, manuring has been 

 found to be of value to the land :) the third year 

 sown with wheat and laid down to grass. 



The upland of this fiirm is excellent grazing 

 land, ami heretofore much of the profit has been 

 from the raising of cattle. The Ihnham and the 

 Ayrshire breeds have been introduced : two 

 years ago, half-blood Durham heifers sold at 1*22 

 each, while common cattle of a similar age were 

 sold at 813. Gradually the raising of sheep is 

 taking the place of raising cattle on this farm. 

 Seven years ago Gen. H. purchased three hundred 

 full blood merino sheep, of the best selection, 

 at three dollars a piece: these have been increas- 

 ed to a flock of eight hundred ami filly : from 

 ihesft was taken tho last season l.'i.iO lbs. of fine 

 wool, which sold early in the season at an aver- 

 age increase of eight cents in .a pound over the 

 price of last year. 



The larm is carried on by Mr. Taggart, the 

 man at (irst employed, and is owned joinlly I)y 

 him and Gen. Henderson. That it has been cim- 

 ducled on the improving systeni is proved by iis 

 increased and increasing value. It has been a 

 constant .source of profit lo its owners. Gen. II. 

 would be univilling to dispose of his remaining 

 half even at a considerable ailvance u))on the 

 price at which he sold the other half. He is 

 <piite sure that wool-growing upon this fiu'm, at 

 the late depressed prices, may he jnade a profita- 

 ble business: indeed his experience thus far has 

 demonstrated the tact. 



t.AKE \rj.\N!PISSEOGEE AND ITS FWIROXS. 



There cannot be a more splendid view on (iarth 

 than that from Red Hill in .Moultonboroiigh, N. 

 H., overlooking in its whole extent from Centre 

 Harbor to Alton bay that bciuuilid sheet, l.^ke 

 Winnepisseogee, the largest interior body of wa- 

 ter «iihin the limits of JN'ew England, with its 

 hnmlrcds of islands and the whole amphiihea- 

 tre in which it is bedded, and the far stretching 

 view of the Merrimack river valley on the south 

 and the mountiiins on either hand. North and 

 northwest, in a more restricted amphitheatre 

 bounded by still higher mountains on all sides, 

 is a smaller lake, almost equally beantilid hut 

 less noticed from that circumstance and its more 

 rough and rugged shores. 



The soil on the shores of these lakes and the 

 cultivated islanils in the larger lake is the best 

 quality of primitive upland. To the extent of 

 probably a mile upon these shores, and over the 

 islands, the grouml is protected from frost fre- 

 quently a month and six weeks later than .-similar 

 grounds that have not the local udvanlage of a 

 body of fresh water. 



In the course of last winter, when the snows 

 blocked the roads to a great depth, and the iher- 

 moineter ranged below zero, the editor visited 

 .Meredith, and travelled entirely rmmd the larger 



lakf". Tarrying a day and a night ot Meredith 

 Uridge, siluatetl below the outlet of tho lake, he 

 saw the pellucid waters at that time flow out from 

 under the ice as if from a living spring, with the 

 warmth of so much life as to be free from frost 

 as in the summer. The town of iMercdith ex- 

 tends some ten miles above the Bridge, with the 

 lake on the east and u bay on the west, dividing 

 it iVoni Sandbornton : the permanent water at 

 tvvo several points, has already made each liill its 

 busy village, with various mills and manufac- 

 tures. Tlie beautiful " Lake Village," nearest 

 the point where it cnminences liie discharge of 

 its waters, «ii!i five hundred inhabitiints, has 

 grown up within a short jieriod. About ten 

 miles, passing many farms on the more elevated 

 gromuls, we come to another busy and cleanly 

 white village in the liiuits of Meredith, where 

 there are other mills and manuliicturos, on a 

 stream discharging itself from one of lho.se nu- 

 merous ponds at a higher elevation which turn 

 their waters into the linger lake. Still further 

 on some four or five miles, we come to the town 

 and village of Centre Harbor, which derives its 

 name iVom its position at the head of the lake, 

 being the place of landing for goods shipped to 

 and from the country, thirty-six miles on the 

 route from the seaboard. 



Centre Harbor is a welcome summer residence 

 to all city people who go to the country for health 

 and recreation. For many years an elegant pub- 

 lic house has been kejit here in the name of Sen- 

 ter, liither and son, the latter of whom still sur- 

 vives. The first Mr. Senter came to this place 

 by water some seventy years ago. He |iut in his 

 boat.s above Amoskeag falLs, dragging them with 

 his provisions and fm idture over land by the 

 successive falls to the lake, which he navigated 

 from the points of first entrance until he pitched 

 upon the fine location. 



The Senter house is now kept by Mr. Coc,uho 

 married the daughter of the sm'vivor of the first 

 name : at this place having spent the night, wc 

 gathered from the inoi;ih of Mr. Coe, some facts 

 interesting to us in relation to the agricultural 

 iinprovements of the vicinity — |inrlicnlarly re- 

 speclini; his own operations upon the farm. 



Mr. t.'oe brought out to his guests tor our eveii3 

 ini; repast tiie fruit raised on his o«n premises, 

 called the Senter apple. This kind of apple was 

 originally brought f>om England by the grandfii- 

 llierof tiie present iMr. Senter — it was larger and 

 of better fiavor than the Baldwin, which arc the 

 favorite winter ajiple of New England. These 

 apples have been raised at the Harbor ever since 

 .ihc.iit the year 177.5. 



Centre Harbor is about forty ntiics north from 

 Concord: the soil on the lake, shot e near the vil- 

 lage is light and sandy — the gardens upon this 

 ground arc made quite as forward in spring as 

 tliey are at Portsmouth. 



In Winnipisseogee lake there are between two 

 and three hundred islands of various sizes: upon 

 some of them there are fine llirm.s. The largest 

 crops of com known to have grown in New Eng- 

 land, have been raised u|ion sotne of the islands. 

 .\s high, we believe, as 1^7 bushels to the acre of 

 shelled Indian corn have lieen proiluced. Long 

 island, within the limits of .Moullonboroiigh, con- 

 sists of 1200 acres of land, divided into ei^hi 

 farms ntid thirteen families. Mr. Brown and Mr. 

 L:!mprey, who have raised the larger crops of 

 corn, have the lo:s on the island ne.irest lo thr: 

 lake. The soil of this island is of a deep orange 

 — it is rocky like the piimilive soil of the vicini- 

 ty. The rocks are the couimou grey graidte. .\ 

 portion of .Mr. Coe's farm is upon this islam! : 

 lie last year raised f)&5 bushels of fine spring 

 wheat upon the corn ground of tho preceding 

 year, and was more fortunate in the crop than 

 most other farmers of the Slate. 



Besides the islands, thei e arc several extended 

 necks running down into the lake, being parts of 

 the townships upon the shores. Of these, run- 

 ning down near Long island, is Moultonhorough 

 Xeck, extending eight miles into the lake: this 

 neck has sixty-five fiimilies, all farmers well to 

 live. More than half their dwelling houses arc 

 neatly painted red for preservation. A main 

 road well made extends the whole length of the 

 neck — from this branches pass off to accommo- 

 date each farmer. Formerly it was the fashion 

 of the (iirmers of the Neck to come to Centre 

 Harbor every Saturday even in the bu.sy season 

 of thr year lo |iiircln'=e rum, diiuk and swnp 



