28 



®I)C JTarmcr's itUnitl)!!} iKsiau-. 



were employed. The physicians who examined 

 their Ijoiiios pronounced the disease to he the 

 blac!{ plngiic, ihe wool havin:: hcen hionght fruin 

 the Li'V;mt. Nine persons lire said to have died. 

 VVe yivo the slatenienis as we iiave lioaid thein, 

 nnd are nnahle in pionoinice upon iheir acciiruey. 

 — Concord Freeman. 



I'linn the r'arnier's t'.ibiriL't. 

 Diseases of Peach Trees. 



It is now universally adinilted, that indrpend 

 ent of the worm ivhi.di ailacks ihe roots ol' pc:ach 

 trees, lln'y are snhject to a disease called tite yel- 

 lows, which is the great destroyer; and some 

 even donht the injinions agency of the worm, 

 unless previous disease has invited its allacU. 



Ill searchinj; (or the causes of disease cither 

 in |)laius or aiiimiils, it |is essential that we ex- 

 amine into the various circumstances that attend 

 n state of health and vigor, and also that we care- 

 fully tiote every aitendiny; circumstance connect- 

 ed villi the diseased condition of the suhject un- 

 der examination, and then hy a caiernl conipari- 

 Bon of these two trains orcirciimstaiiceSjWe may 

 be led to see the cause of the disease, and per- 

 lia[)s to siiL'^est a remedy, or Jo direct a course 

 of proceeding which will prevent a recmieuce 

 of the malady. 



Tlio funciions of the roots of the trees are all 

 to he performed henealh the surtiice of the earth, 

 nnd lliey grow downwurds, or helow the surface; 

 the fuiiciimis of the holl or stem, are all to he 

 performed in the open air, ahove the siii face of 

 tiie earth ; the crown of the root is iiiterinediate, 

 nnd appears to he a seat ol" peculiar vitality, for 

 although the roots may be much cut and trim- 

 med, and the top or stem may he entirely ampu- 

 tated, yet the trie will grow and flourish; hut if 

 the crown of the root is injured iii any consider- 

 able degree, death isacerlain cousei]uence. Now 

 it may he ohsiu-ved, that in all trees of spontane- 

 ous growth, the crown of the root is exposed to 

 the influence of the atmosphere, and they are 

 more healthy and vigorous than those which are 

 planted so deep as lb cover the crown and part 

 of the holl : and it is well known that worms are 

 most prone to attack those that are set too deep 

 in the ground. It has been esliniated that one 

 third of the trees planted by nnsliili'ul hands, die 

 in coiiseqneiice of deep planling; nnd whole or- 

 cbarils thus planted, have filled to furnish the 

 desired retnriis of flaiit. All the celebrated fruit 

 culturisis who have written on this suhjci-i, agree 

 to a letter in their opinions. One of the most 

 celebrated, who has just published a work on 

 fruit trees, says, '■ Deep planting is an i/vll much 

 to be guarded against ; and many of the disa]!' 

 pointments which have altended ihe fruit grow- 

 er, may be traced to this cause." 



Peach trees which grou' in situalinns where 

 the stem or body lias been shiuled or protected 

 from the direct and scorching rays of the sun, so 

 far as my observation exiends, have been ex- 

 empted liom Ihe ydlows ; and those not trimmed, 

 or where, nftcr ihe grnwih of a year or two, ihev 

 have been cut dosvu and suft'red to sucker up 

 like a hush, and cnnseipienlly been protecied 

 from the hot Bun, have appeared to enjnv belter 

 Iieahh ; those I'rowu in hedge-rows, are generally 

 loiig-bvcrs. Where the expedient has been tried of 

 tieing straw around the body of the tree during 

 the summer season, to prevent the tly bom de- 

 positing its egjr on the bark, and then niaking its 

 way to the root for winter quarlers, it is a ques- 

 tion whether the benefit may not arise from the 

 protection the straw affords from the scorching 

 Sim aciing wiih too much force on the bark tnr 

 the lipaltb of ilie tree. It has been noticed that 

 peach trees growing in grass grounds, out-live 

 those grown in (iloiuhcd ground; aii<l in my 

 early ilays, when peach trees lived to a great age, 

 they were uniformly along fences or in grass 

 grounds, where they were out of the way of cul- 

 tivation ; and so fir as my recollection serves 

 me, tlie stones were planted where the tree was 

 to stand, for there was no inociilatitui in those 

 days; all was natural fruit. In (iloughiiig :i 

 p.each orchard, it is pretty certain that the fur- 

 rows sliouhl not be liuued up to the tree.<, so as 

 to bury iiart of the sieni, for it is well known 

 that all irees breallii; through the pores or small 

 openings of ilie bark as well as the leaves, nnd 

 bulging the luii'.'s of a tree in the earth, where 

 the air cannot pass freely to ihem, cannot be a 

 whulusonie praciice ; tliis produces the same ef- 



fect as loo deep planting. Having lost many 

 fine trees on transplanting, I made inquiry of a 

 scicntilic and experienced gardener, into the 

 cause of my ill success; he informed me that it 

 was the heat of the sun on the tender bark, and 

 that they should be protecied on ihe south side 

 by a board to shade the stem, till the bark had 

 become thicker and belter able to bear the lieat, 

 as ill the iiuisery they shade each other, by be- 

 ing set near togetlieiv and are not habituated to 

 so hot a sunshine. 



This hint led me to some speculations on the 

 subject of ]ieach Irees, which 1 have thrown out 

 above, for the purpose of promoting observa- 

 lion, < xamiiialioii and inquiry on tUe paVt of oth- 

 ers, so that some addition may be /iiade to our 

 knowledge on ibis interesting subject. O. 



Meteorological Jonrual kept at Concord 



BY A. C5I.VWD1.ER. 



CHABAcTEa OF Cloud3, Snow avd Raix. — Jan. 1, clear. 

 Do. eve. cij. it. stratus.— 2, clear, it. stratus. — 3, liyht stratus — 



suoweii 8 inches. — 1, stratus, do 5, stratus, do 6, clear, do. 



— 7, stratus; light suow.— 8, stratus; clear 9, stratus, do 



10, stratus ; light snow last nialjt, 3 inches. — 11, clear, do 



12, li;:iit stratus; stratus.— 13, It. rain ; Hying strains. — 14, clear, 

 ilo. — 15, clear; It. tiaze. — 16, snow, 4 ini-h?s; It. hail ; eve. It. 

 rain.— 17, 11. rain ; do. ; eve. showery. — 1^, clear; cumtilo-stra- 



tus. — 19, clear; cirro-stratus a;), cleir, do 21, clear; rino- 



stralus. — 92, It. stratus ; clear 33, stratus; snowed 3 inchrs. 



— 94, clear ; stratus. — 95, stratus; It. stratus.— 96, It. strattts; 

 do — 27, It. stratus; do.— 2.S, 11. stratus; do. — 29, It. stratus; 

 clear — 30, IE. stratus; do 31, clear; do. 



An Extraordinary Miser. 



I'erhaqs lliere never was a more perfect miser 

 than "Old Hunks," one of the richest men in 

 London, w ho died some ft?w years since. Though 

 possessing wealth to the amount of an hundred 

 ibmisand pounds slerliug, he frequeully abslaineil 

 b'om food for a number of days logelher, saying 

 that hunger was the very best sauce, i^ometimes 

 lie indulged himself in ihe luxury of spoiled meal 

 pnrchasefl at the shamble's, giving as a reason for 

 choosing such, that meat was good for nothing 

 except it bad a sinftl as well as a taste. At other 

 times he fuel wholly upon scraps of crackers, 

 s,ilt fish and candle eniLs, which he collected at 

 various placesin his wambuings about town, fre- 

 queully passing himself oft" as a beggar. Of his 

 aliire, it was impossible to give any description, 

 being so palched and darned that it would puzzle 

 a tailor to decide whelherany of the m-iginal fab- 

 ric reumiuod, He used to boast that his raiment 

 lasted as long as that of the children of Israel in 

 the wilderness, having pmchased it more than 

 f irly years ago of an old cloihes-dealer. The 

 nearest approach to any sort of charity ever obser- 

 ved in him was, w hen once seeing a couple ol 

 vagrants in the slocks, he gave them sonie.good 

 advice, remarking tlnit he had once done business 

 in stocks, butalivjiys found it profitable toselloul 

 on the -siightest advance. 



Finding a debtor unable to repay a small loin, 

 he received in payment a cofliii of refuse wood, 

 which, liy a happy thung'it, he used for a cup- 

 board. Ill bi$ old age, bis ecunoinicol babiis led 



him to have recourse to expedients which fre- 

 quelly brought him into dangers. Once, in the 

 i.'vening, when pinched by hunger, he iutrniletl 

 himself into a cellar at Mile End, the resort of a 

 club of va^'ranls, who lliere spent nighlly the 

 earnings of ihe day in noclurnal orgies; hut he 

 was speedily detected, and expelled with so iniicli 

 rudeness I hat one of his legs was seriously in- 

 jureil. The wound, for want of medical atten- 

 dance and proper tood, soon gangrened, aiiiJ he 

 found himself forced to apply, uuder a fictitious 

 name, to a charity hospital for relief, where the 

 injured leg was amputated. This he considered 

 as rather a god-send than a itiisforlime, as it saved 

 him llie necessity of procining more than one 

 boot or shoe at a lime, and enabled him frequent- 

 ly to feign himself a disabled sailor or soldier, 

 and obtaineil cluirity under those characters. 



Overcome at last with the infirmities of age 

 .•ind sickness, be was found by a distant relative, 

 perishing on a heap of straw, bui too late to be 

 benefiled by medical aid. He retained his love 

 of ei'onomy to the last, rebuking an attendant for 

 extravagance in liglning two tallow candles, ob- 

 serving that he liad lived a long lili; wilhoiit 

 ii.-ing a ctmdle, and one was enough lor any in. in 

 to see to die by! At the hour of death, he was 

 visited by the clergymen of the parish, who re- 

 minded him of his appro.-ichiiig dissolulioii, dis- 

 coursing upon the vjmify of life, the impotence 

 of riches, and the hopes of anolber existence, and 

 exhorted liiui to show his benevolence in pious 

 bequests to the church. The old miser died 

 game, and exhibited his ruling passion slrong in 

 death : clutching his rags in his attenuated fin- 

 gers with a convulsive grasp, he exclaimed, 

 "could 1 live my fde over again, I should do very 

 differenily from what 1 have done — ye.«, sir, with 

 that knowledge of the follies tiiiil e.rors of man- 

 kind, of which you have spoken, / should then 

 make tivcnly jier cent, where I have ?ioio 7na;/e only 

 ten .'" The intensity of his emotions as lie littered 

 this declaialion overcame him, nature gave way, 

 and he sank back a corpse ujioii his pillow. 

 — Ya7tkee Blade. 



Me-IN and Apparent Time. — Time shown by 

 the stars, and measured by a well regulated clock, 

 is calleil mean or true time ; but time exhibited 

 hy the sun, is measured by a sim dial, and gen- 

 erally desigualeil apparent time. The ditierence 

 between ihe sun anil it well regidated clock, aris- 

 es from the iiiclinalion of the axis of the earth to 

 ihe ecliptic, and the eliptical Ibrm of the eartli's 

 orbit. A sun dial and a clock can only agree on 

 four days of the year, viz: on the vern;d and au- 

 luninal equinox, and on the winter and summer 

 solsiice : because the sun's longiiudeand right as- 

 cension are equal only at these periods. 



A clock will be before a sun dial, from the 

 twenty-lburth of December to the ]5tb of April, 

 and from the sixteenth of June to the 31st of Au- 

 gust ;rtt all other seasons of tiie year the dial will 

 be before the clock. 



TliH greatest difference between mean and np- 

 (lareiit time, or between a clock and a dial, is six- 

 teen minutes ami seventeen seconds, and occurs 

 the 3d ol'Novembcr ; at this period the sun is six- 

 teen mimes and seventeen sectuids too fast. 



The difterence lietween iiienii and apparent 

 time is called the equation of time; and which, 

 being .sometimes added to, and sometimes sub- 

 trticted fioin, a]>parent time, will give mean or 

 true time. 



Thu.s, from the 24tb of December to the ]5lh 

 of .\pril, Ihe etpiatiou must be added tollie'appa- 

 rent lime, for true time; because Ihe sun's mean 

 longitude is less than his right ascension. 



From the ISili of .^pril to the 15th of June, 

 ihe equation nuist be subtracted ; because the 

 sun's mean longiliide is greater than bis right 

 ascension, and upon the same jirinciples, (i-om 

 ihe ].5lliofJnne to tlic 31st of August, Co Decem- 

 ber 3-lth must be subtracted. — Selected. 



Cure for Cancers. — A gentleman who has 

 for years been afilieled with a cancer on bis face, 

 informs us, that after having followed the pre- 

 scriptions of some of the most skilful physicians, 

 at the expense of more than seven hundred dol- 

 lars, having twice had it cut, be has been effectu- 

 ally cured by simpty bathing it three or four limes 

 a (iiiy with brandy and salt. Those afflicted with 

 ibese virulent ulcers will do well to try it. — JUe. 

 Cult. 



