S[)c J^armcv'ti iHonililijJJisUor. 





D.ivis had his lip slii^htly cut. All the liiihvarks 

 on the liiil)0.ird side nearly hiick to the rimin 

 chains were l)lown out, niid ;dl the hnU\arks on 

 the staihoard side, hack to the how i;imi, hy the 

 fore eliidns, and down to the nioukey rail, were 

 hlown over the side. 



In addition to this, the deck was strewed with 

 iron rivets, &c., ruid it is God's mercy that all on 

 the forward deck were not blovvi> into eternity to- 

 gether. 



(/<d. Benton, when taken home, was cold and 

 idtiiost pnlripless, hut he has refovered, and Dr. 

 Se'vell lio]ies he will lieat)oiiliii n fewda_\s. 



C.ipt. Stockton, when [ left the vessel at 9 

 o'clock lo-Mi;iht, was quite delirious, and snfTeihiir 

 intense mental as well as physical pain. 



Mr. Giluicr has left a wile tnnl nine children. 

 Mr. Upshur, njred idiont 5!i, has left a wife 3.5 

 years of a};e,!Uid a dan^hter in ill-health, ai;eil 10. 

 Coin. Kenuou has left a wife and faunly. Mr. 

 Gardiner has left his two danjihters, who have 

 lon^' heen belles in this place. 



The female relatives were not .'illowed 10 see 

 the dead hodies of ilieir hushands and liiiliers ; 

 but were taken home hy iheir I'emale Irieuds im- 

 mediately. Mr. WickliiTe left as soon as possible 

 with liis wile auil dau;;luers; Jiid^e Wilkius and 

 the President stayed in the ship till the last. 



All is horror and s.-uluess in ihe city. When 

 the news was told to Mr. Spencer he cried like 

 a child. 



The officers of the vessel say positively, that 

 no one vvas blown overboard, and that only six 

 sailors were vvonnded, all of whom were sent to 

 the hospital, anil one of whom is since dead. 

 C'orrespondence of the Journal of Commerce. 



A'liid the general linrsi of grief and agony, it 

 nmy he vain to call attention to the causes of this 

 dteaster. Vain it is for the dead, but not for the 

 living. The two hundred and liventy-tive ))ound- 

 er vvas said, and so reported to Congress, In he 

 oC wrought iron, as it was to some extent. But 1 

 learn from Mr. Barney that the scattered pieces of 

 the gun were seen eveiy where. 



Com. Kennon was evidently struck by one of 

 them. Mr. Rives, of the Globe, has a piece in his 

 possession. They say that tlie breech of ilieguu 

 was of a mortar shape, anil was of cast iron and 

 Welded on to the oilier part. The other parts 

 appear to have been in sections and welth'd to- 

 gether. The parts ol' the gnu that were burst 

 were all below its axi.s. But it does not matter 

 as to tlii.s. We liave evidence of the stiougest 

 character, that experiirienis weie made in Eu- 

 i'0|ie, long ago, of welded guns, and that they sig- 

 nally failed. I am toll!, by good aulboiity, that 

 the plan was tried and exploded in Europe, two 

 centuries ago. Wni. Cost Johnson's valuable re- 

 ports on this subject have heen imheeiled. 



He investigated this v. hole matter, and show- 

 ed the necessity of establishing a national foun- 

 dry, for cannon. The board of oflicers, sent to 

 Eurojie to examine all the mysteries of the art of 

 making cannon, &c. also reported on the subject. 

 Tiie celebiated artizan, Mr. Anie.s, of Mass. was 

 sent with them, and we know what he and they 

 recommend, as to this matter. 



But, notwiihstanding all this, it is at this nio- 

 menl a question before Congress, whether the 

 conli'acis for making cannon shall not be given 

 out to the lowest bidder, according to the law of 

 the last session. These guns of the Princeton 

 were proved. They were suljectid to the 

 Strongest possible pioof, and stood it. But, as 

 the report of the board of officers shows, it i.-; the 

 experience of Europe that, .after this pi-oof, a sin- 

 gle ounce of powder would often buitt a gun, — 

 the very proof to which it was subjected was, 

 sometisnes, a cause of the bursting of the gun. 



Correspondence of tlie Express. 



Washington, 28th Feb. 

 Wednesday evening. 

 1 was standing nt the time about ten leet from 

 and behind Capt. Stockton, who fired the gun. 

 1 owe my escape entirely to the accidental cir- 

 cmnslance of having clambpred up on the imier 

 rigging, with a lady, Mrs. Weathered, of Balti- 

 more, a li;w feet above the deck, and every thing 

 living on deck below n.s was killed or wounded. 

 She was sfialtered all over with blood ; our hats 

 Were bhuvn otT; hut the only injury I received 

 ■Was n slight contusion on the upper lip. I saw 

 Stockton fire the gun, and then ior a few sec- 

 ouds hU v>u8 darkness to me nnd the tirst scene 



presented wa.s this devastation in the grou|) di- 

 rectly miller me. 



Poor Stockton, as you n)ay easily suppose, was 

 overwhelmed with affliction, which overcame all 

 sensation of his own bodily injuries — which I 

 hope are not serious. The scene among the la- 

 dies when one atter the other was informed of 

 the loss they had met, was heart rending. 



The whole nuudu i killed was six, and perhaps 

 twice that number wounded It is a wonder that 

 five times that nmnhcr had not fidlen. 



Respectfully vonr ob'i ser'vt. 



"CliS. AUG. DAVIS. 



To young Men— Truth well spoken. 



We commend the following well-timed re- 

 marks of the editor of the New York Tribune, 

 to the spe.-ial alteuliou of those young men in 

 ihe Country who feel inclined to murmur at their 

 lot, and U) envy youiiL' men in cities their im- 

 aginary advantages. — Gen Farnitr. 



It is a sore evil that labor, so essential to health, 

 vigor, and i iiine, is generally regarded with aver- 

 sion. Even those who boast that they live by 

 straight-loi-wai-d hard work are almost unil'orndy 

 seeking to escape from their condition. Even 

 the sidisi.intial, thrifiy farmer, whose life is or 

 nngbl be among the iiappiest, is apt to train his 

 darling son for a prolession or put him in a store. 

 He laiidibly wishes to put him forward in the 

 world, but be does not think that half the time 

 and expense bestowed in m.ikiug him an average 

 lawyer, or doctor, woidd sutKce to make him an 

 errdnently intelligent and scientific farmer — a 

 model and blessing to the whole country. Why 

 will not om thrifty farmers think of this? The 

 world is sm feiied with nndilling lawyers nnd doc- 

 tors — the gorge even of Iowa rises at the pros- 

 pect of H new batidi of either; of tolerable cler- 

 gymen there is certainly no lack, as the midti- 

 lude without societies bear witness, and yet here 

 is the oldest, the most essential and noblest of 

 employments, on which the full bhize of science 

 has hardly yet poured, and which is to-day mak- 

 inir more rapid strides, ami .-ifTords a more prom- 

 ising field ti)r intellectual power than any other, 

 couiparaiively shunned and negleeted. Of good, 

 ihoronghly educaied, at o\ice scientific and prac- 

 tical farmers, there is no where a supcr-.-diundance. 

 Everywhere there i.^ need of this class, to intro- 

 duce new processes and improve old ones, to 

 naturalize and bring to perfection the plants, 

 grains, fruits iVc. we still import fioin abroad 

 when we might better produce ibem at home — 

 to introduce a |iroper rotation and diversification 

 of crops — to prove and teach how to produce 

 [irofilably the most grain to the acre — in short 

 lo make agriculture the pleasing, attractive, en- 

 nobling (imsnit it was originally intended to be. 

 There is no broader field ol usefulness — no 

 surer road to honorable eminence. The time 

 will come when, of the men of the last genera- 

 tion, Arthur Vouiig will be more widely honored 

 than Napoleon. But w bile Ihe true farmer should 

 be the most ihoronghly educaied and well in- 

 formed men in the country, there are many of 

 our old (iirmers, even, who will cheerfully spend 

 a thousand dollars to qualify one son lor a pro- 

 fession, yet grudge a hundred each to educate 

 the three or four less favored who are to be tiirm- 

 er.«. There are farmers who cultiv.ite hundreds 

 of acres and never look into a book on agricul- 

 tme, though they would not coumenance a doc- 

 tor or clergyman who studied no works on med- 

 icine or theology. What a world of mistakes 

 and inconsist.'iicies is displayed all around us ! 



There are Ihousands in all our cities who are well 

 employed and in good circumstances ; we say, let 

 these conlinue, if tbi'y are content, and feel cer- 

 tain that the world is better in their daily doings. 

 There are other tens of thousands who must 

 stay here, as things are ; having no means to get 

 elsewhere, no skill in any iirtsbut those peculiar 

 to city life, and a very liinitec knowledge ; these 

 must stay, unless something should transpire out 

 of the common course of events. There are 

 other tens of thousands annually arriving Iroin 

 Europe, who, however valuable acquisitions to 

 the country, must contribule to glut llio market 

 and depress the price of labor of all kinds in our 

 city — some of these must remain hero till they 

 can obtain means and knowledge to go el.se- 

 where. But fi)r young men of our own ha[)pier 

 agricultural districts to crowd into the great cit- 

 ies or into villiage,^, in search of clerkships and 



that like, is madness — inliumanily to the desti- 

 tute — moral suicide. While nine tenlhs of states 

 are a waste wilderness, and all our marts of trade 

 overflow with eager seekers for cmploynieni, let 

 all escape from cities wlio can, and all who hava 

 cpportunities to labor nnd live in the country, 

 resolve to slay there. 



From the Alb.iny t.'ultivator. 

 Animal Physiology. 



Messrs. Gavlokd & Tuckeii: — No depart- 

 ment of rural economy is probably less under- 

 stood, or more deserving of con^lderaiion than 

 that of animal physiology. Ihere are in the 

 Stale of New York alone not far from six mil- 

 lions of shee|>, two millions of cattle, and as ma- 

 ny swine ke|)t, except working oxen, for the sole 

 |^urpoie of transforming cultivated plants into 

 mutton, beet; pork, lard, tallow, bulter, cbe.eso 

 and wool, in that way, whicli will yield to the 

 husbandman the largest return for his land and 

 his labor. Accoiding to the census returns of 

 1840, tlie crop of hay grown in this Slate the 

 year previous, was wortii .|30,00C,C00. And as 

 every fanner knows that there are nearly twice 

 as many acre.-i in pasture as in meadow in New 

 York, it will be wiihin the truth to estimate ihe 

 whole grass crop of the Slate at $iiO,000,000. 

 Will the intelligent reader answer this plain sim- 

 ple question : Do the culiivators of the soil in 

 the Em))ire State now realize the largest practi- 

 cal return in valuable products, tioiii the entire 

 rmv nutterial consumed ihronghout the whole 

 year, by ihese millions of domestic animals.' If 

 they do, then we have already attained to that 

 happy perfection in the science of physiology 

 beyond which improvement can go no further! 



It is with pain and mortification that I see so 

 many legislators and men of influence, unwilling 

 to aid in any well diiected public effort to open 

 the book ol' nature, so thst every farmer in the 

 State may see, read and understand how it hap- 

 (lens, and ivht/ it is, that one sheep can elaborate 

 twice as nincb muscle, tallow and wool, from a 

 given amount of food, as another? The sanie 

 causes which have so develojied in preceding 

 generations, the wool-forming organs of Mr. 

 Coming's 130 Costwold ewes, that they are uoH^ 

 annually elahorafmgS lbs. of good wool per head, 

 would, if judiciously made to operate on the six 

 millions of slieei) that clip per head but 2.^ lbs. of 

 wool, so improve the action of their capillary 

 organs, as lo give their owners twelve million 

 pounds more wool than they now get, and at the 

 same cost of land and labor. A love of truth, 

 and a deep sense of the importance of my sub- 

 ject compel me to say that our farmers generally 

 nmnufuclure very poor nnd defective machines 

 for trnnsformiug gras.s, hay and roots, into mut- 

 ton, tallow and wool. I cannot now command 

 the time to write an elaborate essay upon the 

 anatomy and physiology of sheep ; and demon- 

 strate, as I tbiiik I can,"how it happens that more 

 than 50 per cent, of the elements of wool, tal- 

 low and muscle, put into the sheep's mouth, are 

 needlessly lo.st. 



Many of our practical agriculturists do a little 

 better in the manufacture of living machines for 

 transforming grass, grain and roots, into beef, 

 butter, cheese, pork and lard. The average loss 

 from the needless waste of the raw material in 

 our cattle and swine is, however, at least 30 per 

 cent. Indeed, how can it well be otherwise, 

 when not one farmer in a thousand knows what 

 food is best adapted to the production of muscle 

 and fat, or of buttcrand cheese ? No one farmer 

 ill a thousand knows how to atter and improve the 

 ceaseless action of any organ in the animal sys- 

 tem, f-o as to make it not only perform more work 

 in a given time, but to do its work, or if you 

 please, to discharge its jieculiar function, far bet- 

 ter than before. 



The arteries that convey the elements of milk 

 to the lacteal gland of the cow can be increased, 

 both in number and size. The gland itself can 

 be made lo expand its surface, and multiply all 

 its secreting vessels, which separate milk from 

 the circulating blood. A large jiortion of milk 

 with its dissolved butter and cheese, are carbon, 

 water nnd nitrogen. By n serious defect in their 

 organic structure, (which can be removed in the 

 course of a few generations by skilful mannge- 

 nieiit and scientific breeding,) some cows expel 

 daily from their lungs 70 ounces of carbon and 

 water in proportion, which come from the food 



