i5:!)c jTarmcfg ilIcitTtl)lij iHsitor. 



39 



ina. Lime, also, most probably dccoiiiijoses the 

 silicates ot'potnsb and soda contained in tlie soil, 

 combiiiing cbeiTiically witb the silica and driv- 

 ing of}' tlic potasli and soda, which then unite a- 

 gain with liuinic or some other acid. It iurlher 

 entera into combination with the hydrated silica 

 contained in the soil, forming a silicate of lime 

 insoluble in water ; anrl this is beneficial, as crops 

 (especially the Ceralia)might easily obtain through 

 the hydrate too nmch silica, ^yhicll would make 

 themdifficidt of digestion. By this process, how- 

 ever, the plants are at any rate deprived of some 

 part of the silica which they would otherwise 

 take up. If the soil contains much hydrated si- 

 lica, the plants will not receive a sufficient quan- 

 tity of lime, for it will all be employed in decom- 

 posing this compound and forming another 

 which, as already said, is insoluble in water; 

 manuring with lime thus often needs to bore- 

 peated several times. It is a very important fact, 

 moreover, that lime disposes the protoxide ot 

 iron and manganese to attract o.xygen from the 

 air, and thus to be converted into oxides, in which 

 latter state they will be useful to the crops, whilst 

 in the former they are often detriiiiental. We 

 shall find, therefore, that manin-ing with lime will 

 be especially useful to ferruginous soils. 



Hard clayey soils will be much loosened by a 

 strong manuring with lime: in fact they will at- 

 tain quite another textm'e, and this is caused by 

 the diflerent extent to which the two earths are 

 distended bv the absorption of water. This will 

 be shown more clearly when treating of marl. 

 Most probably lime also disposes the oxygen and 

 nitrogen of the air to form nitric acid, by which 

 nitrate of lime is formed, which is a very pow- 

 erful manure. In fine, during all the decompo- 

 sitions and coMibinations, which lime undergoes, 

 electricity is developed; and this also will cer- 

 tainly increase the activity of the soil. Caustic 

 lime will also act beneficially in destroying many 

 seeds of weeds, or rather it will cause that ifthey 

 should germinate they will not come to perfec- 

 tion. It also kills many of the lower orders of 

 insects and worms. 



owing to not being sufficiently enlightened as to 

 the nature of the ground. 



Now we protest against this loose use of lan- 

 guage ; and if any of our friends wish to describe 

 their operations on such tracts, they will bo very 

 particular in their description of the nature of the 

 soil — even to the name of the species of trees, 

 slirubs and plants growing upon it, so that all 

 the light possible may be had to guide others, 

 who may have enterprise enough to follow their 

 examples. A [)ractical,systematic treatise on the 

 management of all the kindsof low lands, isa;de- 

 sideratum to the farmer. — Maine Farmer. 



Stafemenl of the value of artichs imporfed inio the 

 UiutecrstateSj designating the countries from which 

 received. 



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More Light wanted ui)on the Bogs. 



Not the bogs of Ireland, but our own — not the 

 Jack O'Lantern light which we have known to 

 flit over them, but the true light of practical sci- 

 ence. One great deficiency in all the treatises, 

 directions, &c., that we have seen, in legard to 

 reclaiming low land, bogs, ifcc, is tliis: there has 

 been no definite description of the kind or sort 

 of low land or bog land given. The terms of low 

 land, swamp land, bog land, are general terms, 

 and in general use; but they convey no definite 

 idea of the peculiarities or other condition of the 

 soil in question. Now there is almost as much 

 diversity of soil in such tracts of land as tliere is 

 in upland. 



We recollect a fiiend who complained to us 

 that, after reading the description of the profita- 

 ble results which attended the reclaiming ofa 

 bog in a certain town, he thought be would try 

 Ills band at reclaiming a snjall bog that he own- 

 ed, but that after expending much time and mon- 

 ey upon it, he could raise nothing. We were ac- 

 quainted with the first tract of land named above, 

 and we accepted an invitation to go and see the 

 latter, and tell the person wherein lie had not 

 done according to the directions laid down. On 

 reaching the spot, we found, although both had 

 been called and always known by the name of 

 " bogs," yet they were entirely dissimilar in their 

 character. The first was low land, which was 

 occasionally flowed, but was a soil of good tex- 

 ture, had the requisite quantity of silex, clay, and 

 vegetable matter, and also a (iretty good growtli 

 of bushes, such as alders, also ma|)ie, hemlock 

 and hackmatack. It had been cleared oft", drain- 

 ed, an<l in a short time might have been (dough- 

 ed. The other was a bona fide peat bog, and 

 when drained, presented nothing but a mass of 

 dry, inert vegetable matter ; there was no mine- 

 ral matter about it, and it required an addition of 

 Band or soil. When some of the peat had been 

 burned, and ibo ashes scattered over, and a coat- 

 ing of sand with a little lime had been put on, it 

 bore a pretty good crop ; and after some animal 

 manure from the barn-yard was ])Ut on, it did 

 still better. We find that many make similar 

 mistakes. One tells how he reclaimed his bogs, 

 and how well he has done with it. Another goes 

 to work on his hogs, and can do nothing — all 



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ment, to introduce the Russian process of water 

 rotting, to which the hemp of that country owed 

 its superiority, which not only failed but left be- 

 hind il an inqiression that it could not b« pursued 

 in Kentucky without destruction to those en- 

 gaged in it. It was even supposed that the water 

 in which the hemp was iiiimersed, was rendered 

 so poisonous as to kill horses and any other stock 

 that might drink it. 



There were a few who believed there was more 

 imagination than reality iu these impressions ; 

 but the public mind had settled down into a con- 

 viction which seemed to be invincible. 



In 1839 and MO, however, the secretary of the 

 navy, in consequence of opinions expressed to 

 him by David Myerle, Esq., induced that gentle- 

 man to make an effort to overcome this convic- 

 tion and satisfy the farmers of Kentucky that the 

 process of water-rotting properly conducted, was 

 not only safe, but would add greatly to the value 

 of their crops. The only mode in w hich Mr. My- 

 erle coidd operate, was to buy the hemp in the 

 field and water-rot it himself^ Even in this ope- 

 ration he found the utmost difliculty ; for so 

 strong was the conviction as to the danger of the 

 employment, that he could hire no hands from 

 the Kentucky farmers, and had to procure them 

 at Cincinnati and Loiusville. In ono season, 

 however, he conquered the prejudices of the 

 country, and demonstrated the practicability and 

 safety of the process, although he ruined himself 

 in the operation. 



From Kentucky Mr. Myerle went to Missouri, 

 where it was comparatively easy to introduce the 

 process of water-rotting, and extend the culture 

 of hemp. 



The results are now being developed. The 

 American hemp, When water-rotted with care, is 

 found to be siqierior to the Russian. And it is 

 now superceding the foreign article in our east- 

 ern markets, and not only so, but is beginning to 

 be exported to England ! One or more ship- 

 ments, we understand, 'have been made from 

 New York, and a bouse in St. Louis have enga- 

 ced to ship direct from New Orleans to houses 

 in London and Liverpool a THOUSAND TONS 

 within the present year. 



A new era is opening to the western country. 

 A new item is added to her agricultural exports. 

 The south and soiuhwest supply Europe with 

 her cotton ; the west and northwest are about to 

 supply her with her hemp. A portion of the la- 

 bor now expended upon the raising of grain and 

 the rearing of ftock, is hereafter to be bestowed 

 upon the cidture of hemp. Not only Missouri 

 and Kentucky, but Indiana, Illinois, and Iowa, if 

 not Ohio, are to participate in the direct benefits 

 of this new trade, and the whole Union in its in- 

 direct benefitSi 



But how are we to make the most of it? ne 

 7nust receive the manufactures of Europe in return. 

 The more we take from Great Britain, the more 

 of our hemj) and other products will she be able 

 to purchase. If we exclude her tnanufactures by 

 a high tariff, she will not have the means to pay 

 for our hem[). And if by such a tariff we add 

 50 or 100 per cent, to the price of the clothing, 

 sugar, salt, &c., &c., purchased by the farmers 

 of the west, we reduce the amount of necessa- 

 ries and comforts, they are able to buy with 

 their hemp crop, one-third or one-half! It is 

 equal to takim; from them' thus far, one-third or 

 one-half of the profit of their labor.- 

 Eipositor. 



va 



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-KendalPa 



T. L. SMITH, liegister. 

 Treasukv Department, 



Register's Office, Nov. 15, 1843. 



Araericau Hemp. 



We have recently become acquainted with 

 some interesting facts in reference to the culture 

 and preparation for market of Ann rican hemp, 

 and the results of recent improvements. 



For many years hemp has been a product of 

 Kentucky; but in consequence of the manner in 

 which it was rotted, it was unsuitable for cordage 

 and other uses <;onnected with commerce, and 

 consequently commanded an inferior price to the 

 Russian hemp. Many years ago an attempt was 

 made under the countenance of the navy depart- 



Shell-wheel Plough.— The Albany Adverti- 

 ser gives the following account ofa plough of a 

 new construction. We have never seen one and 

 we would not be understood to recommend it. 



"In this plough, its inventor, Thomas D. Bur- 

 rail, Esq., of Geneva, in this State, has furnished 

 the farmer with one of the most valuable im- 

 provements yet accomplished in any of the im- 

 plements of husbandry, for economizing labor. 

 The improvement consists mainly in the intro- 

 duction ofa cast-iron friction-wheel in place of 

 the land-slide of the plough. It is very obvious 

 that this must necessarily lighten the draft very 

 materiallv. The difference may be understood 

 by considering how much more easily a wheel 

 can be drawn on bare proiiud than a sled or sleigh. 

 The new plough has been put to the test by the 

 inventor on his own farm, and by various other 

 farmers, during the past season ; and it took the 

 premium over all compMition, at the great agri- 



