7 ^T'RSn*^ ^iuar^.ttna^Bg^BM 



^\)t J'aiincf'ii illmit!)!}) 'Otsitor. 



r>i 



Recent Valuable American Invention. 



One of tlie tiiotit eiegnnt covciiiigs I'nr licils is 

 the (iil)iic wliich lieiiis llie name of IMiirscilles 

 (juilt. It is wovoii in the Ijimd looms of Europe, 

 ami as tluit mode of niiinuriicmre is slow iuul 

 ivqiiires iiii ex|ieiii.Miceil wuiUdiaii to eiicli loom, 

 it lias not iiiilierto Ijeeii iiiiide in thisconnliy, litit 

 im|)oiteil from aiiroad. 



An injifiiions anijian in Mnssachnsetts, we are 

 told, has invented a methorl of rnal;in<; Marseil- 

 les quilts with as mncli tiicility as the oomnion 

 brown sheeting i\hicli costs nine ocnls a jard. 

 A poaer loom driven liy sicain, involves the 

 btaniifnl tissues tinished with ;rreal rej;idarily 

 and synnnclry ; the fiuures on its smface exhih- 

 itina; almost every variety of pattern. A little 

 •jirl, or any iiie.vperieneetl person may tend sev- 

 cr.d looms at once. 'I'he priee of the fiibric, ran 

 ruily exceed that of common brown sheetina in 

 ill V. cost of the material, inasuiucli as the labor of 

 jirodncing it is no {;re«ter. 



Ingrain carpets, which fi)rni the principal cov- 

 erina of om- floors, arc also woven in Europe by 

 band looiris, and the expei:se of em|ilo\ ing ihe 

 necHssary workirien has hindered the extensive 

 iiilrod.ictioii of the nianuliiclure into Ibis coun- 

 try. The (lerson to wjiom we have already al- 

 luded, has invenlcd a power loom Ibi' weaving' 

 intrrain carpets, with the same rajudity that the 

 looms of onr IJictorics turn out the plainest and 

 coarsest fabrics. A certtun rich capitalist al ibe 

 eastward, has e.vpendi'd, we are told, eighty thou- 

 sand dollars in assisting the inventor in bis vari- 

 ous experiments to bring it to perlection, which 

 be has at length sitc<'eeded in doing. A little 

 gill stands at the machinery and tends lour or 

 tive looms, v.-liicb jerU out the fmished I'alnic 

 with incredilde rapidity. As the principal ex- 

 pense of malving this kind of carpeting iias hith- 

 erto been the cost of the labor, the pri(;e will be 

 greatly reduced by this inventioti. Its author ba.s 

 been ofliu'ed, we have been assuipd. eighty thon- 

 snnd pounds lor the patent right in England, but 

 this, his obligations lo the capitalist who liirtiish- 

 ed him with the means of bringing it to perfec- 

 tion, forl)itl him to accept. — jV. F. Eve. Post. 



Importance of Co-opERATIO^' between the 

 I'AUMf.ii AND Chemist. — We beliiive that by liir 

 i;ie greatest obst.-icle to the nvlvancement of sci- 

 enlitii! ;igi iculture hitherto, has been the want of 

 co-operation between the farmer and the chem- 

 ist. Eaeli has tiled to move forward alone ; and 

 we may apily apply to them the well-known sto- 

 ry of the lame and the blind, neither of whom 

 ulona could proceed with sali-ty, but when unit- 

 ed arm in arm, the defects of each was fully com- 

 [lensated fcu' by the sii[)erior advantages of the 

 other. 'J'hus the farmer, from his knowledge ot" 

 piactlce, is enabled to [>rogress in any given fli- 

 rection; hut, liom bis want of acquaintance with 

 (hu fimdumenial principles of his art, may he just- 

 ly considered blind ; whereas the chemist, how- 

 ever clearly be ii;ay see the end to be altainrd, 

 iiiakos but a very lame progression, owing to his 

 igliormice of |iiis'lice. Let the tuo but consent 

 to become niiitiially dependent, rmd, proceeding 

 arin-in-arii), the assured step of the well |iractic- 

 cd farmer will he guided in the right way by the 

 clear-sighted knowledge of the enlighlened chem- 

 ist.— Z^;-. Madden. 



wood, .selected before any oilier for the use of 

 railroad engines, lIuHisaiid.s of cords of wdiieli 

 being annually called lor. 



Another kind of plain land uiulerlaiii with 

 (day subsoil produces as its second {jrowlli the 

 white pine. A growth of white oaks, white 

 m;iples, birch, &c. taken from this l.ind islblk>w- 

 ed by the spontaneous springing up of white 

 pines. In the smith part of tlie town of Con- 

 cord upon the alluvi(moi' 'i'lirUey river are many 

 acres ol' this plain land hitherto considered to M 

 not very good lor fiuMiiing purjjose.s. Several 

 hits which have been suffered to grow up in 

 white pines are situated directly south, in sight 

 of the As_\luui liirm of this town. 'Ihe tail 

 white pines upon tbese_lots have gained their al- 

 most entire growth since we were first acquainl- 

 ed with the laud thirty five years ago. Tlie 

 trees, standing so close as to make the forest 

 dark have increased as rapidly in height us they 

 have in body — they grow up straight wilhoiu 

 limbs Ironi fifty lo seventy feet. Seeing a large 

 aceimud.ition of long pine timber on our return 

 after an absence of a few months upon the banks 

 of our river, and ascertaining on inquiry lliat it 

 w;is the product of one of the beautiful lots 

 south of our village, cut down ihc jireseiit win- 

 ter, we ihought it a greAtsin that limber growing 

 now histerlhaii ever, should in its gn;eii age be 

 submiiled to the woodman's axe. Little more 

 than lifteen acres was cut over. This was coii- 

 Iracteil for by the owner upon the stump at lour 

 dollars the Ihousand leel, timber measure. Some 

 single trees measnre<l the thousand fi'et. From 

 the fifteen acres five hiindied thousand feet were 

 taken, making the stiimpage count at the rate of 

 one hundred' and thiriy-ihree dollars the acre, 

 and two thonsaiid dollars in the whole, equal lo 

 the price of a res|)eclable farm. The laiul on 

 which this second groulh limber grows had 

 been cultivated and pastured some thirty to fil'ly 

 years until it was "worn om" and cultivnlion 

 witboiit manure turned to some new direction. 

 Mr. Abraham Sanborn, now about ciglily years 

 of .-ige, informed us that be assisted ihe late Col. 

 Thomas Stickney in reaping rye upon the ground 

 where this beauliibl white pine liniber grew 

 some forty to fifty years ago. Suppose the worn 

 out land had Iben iieen eslimateil at five dollars 

 the acre, wliiidi it would not have been worth to 

 pursue a system of exhausting lillagc, a poor 

 crop of r,\ c once in three or four years — how 

 great has been llie gain to the owner from the 

 spontaneous growth of forty years! 



Poor lands upon the .^<Icrriraack. 



In no sectimi of the United Slates, except 

 perhaps a fiiw choice lots ne.ar smne (own or 

 \illage on the seaboard preserved from the 

 wondniaifs axe, is limber ai:<l woodland more 

 \alualile than upon the light and sandy, or lialit 

 gravelly and rocky soil along llie banks ol' the 

 Merrimack and within eight or ten miles of llie 

 railroad. The growth of sonic kinds of v;diiable 

 limber trees is liip'ul be\!in<l all calciilalion of 

 those « ho do not obsene and recollect it. 



Oi» miicdi of ihe lands hitherlo di emed next 

 In worthless grows the (dicsnul ; and of tiiis it is 

 t-aid ihe sprouts will spring from the parent tri.'e 

 and grow fit for use in aboiil the stime lime the 

 cIk sniit post rots in the ground. Chesiuil has 

 become the main arfu^le for r;iiho;id sleejiers, and 

 those at a good price, are called lor all along lln> 

 railroads rniiiiiiig into Boston from the Merri- 

 mack river valley. 



The lighter plain 1,-mds with a gravelly subsoil 

 produce the bard pine: this at the growth ol 

 Hveiily to twentv-five verirs makes excellent fire 



SoAKi.xu Seed Corn. — A correspondent who 

 signs himself K., of Queens County N. Y., writes 

 us that seed corn is sometimes injured by beiiig 

 soaked too rnneli. He soaked some corn about 

 36 boms ill a solution of saltpetre, and then' gave 

 it a coating of tar ; llie consequence was, that on- 

 ly one or two grains sprouted in a bill, where 

 five was planted. He supposes the corn had too 

 much swelled befiire the tar was applied. This 

 may have been the case, but we have known the 

 germ kiUel by remaining loo long in the saltpe- 

 tre. Il' the sprout protrnrie.-! while the :;rain re- 

 mains ill the solution, it is very likeiy to be injur- 

 ed, especiially if the liquid be strong. Solniions 

 of potash, lime, &c., will o|ierate in the same 

 way. — ^bamy CuUivulor. 



c.:'.re — the garnietits wliiidi cover himself and his 

 family look betier and wear better, as they are 

 really more valuable, for having been spun aiitl 

 wove under bis own roolj from wool or flax r.iis- 

 ed upon his own premises. W the farmer be bless- 

 ed with a competency sindi as shall not obiigo 

 him to labor coiislr.nliy — if be have llie means at 

 band lo hire and ibe means lo buy anil pay for 

 whatever h(,' wimts — instriicled bow to manage, 

 how lo ovci look and superinleiid — the situation 

 of no genileman in business can be so good a.n 

 his. Success and exempiion from disaster and 

 di~ilress to no other occupation are perha|>8 .«o 

 certain as to him. If the merchant has made 

 great gains and can count bis millions oblainef! 

 in the city by traflic ; the ibonsaiids ol Ihe fin mer 

 earned in the country are belter, bei'aiise with an 

 expenditure ten times less he can enjoy ten limes 

 morecomlorl. 'j'he man ot great wealth w lio 

 lives in a palace has more cause for vexali<;ii and 

 trouble, if his eondiiion reipiire biin to make any 

 calculation at all, than the man id' moderate 

 means u ho can live by duly hiisbandilig those 

 uieaiis. Fa^hion is a tyrant whicb, if his rule does 

 not mar llie enjoyment of ihe man of overgrown 

 weallh, lays his grasping arms around the rich 

 man's family and olleii converts llieiii into a race 

 of most impracticable beings: be the wealth ev- 

 er so great, il seldom lasts to a secoi^l geneiation : 

 and vvbal man so miserable as he who has be- 

 come poor after having been brought up in afliu- 

 ence, who lias wasted a great estate because 

 weallh had given his parents loo much pride to 

 leaidi bini how to save it, anil who is neiiber « oilh 

 a dollar or knows how to earn one? Such im- 

 praclii-ables as these are generally found in fiini- 

 iiies of overgrown wealth brought up in the ci- 

 ties. 



More blessed than those of great estates or 

 those on whom have been conferred the uneasy, 

 iinsalisfying honors of high public life, is the 

 eondiiion of the farmer who enjoys neither pov- 

 erty nor riches. Not more to be dreaded is the 

 poverty that creates covelousness and tempts lo 

 imhiwful desires lor lliat which does not belong 

 to us, than the riches which wonhl induce us to 

 relax ail labor and exerlion, and which, having no 

 limit, lead to expendilure withunt boniids, to rio- 

 tous living ami unconcern. The happy iiiediLiiii 

 of propeilyis pieidsily that which ihe yeomanry 

 in this country enjoy, or have the means of en- 

 joying. 'J'liere is no liirmer so rich that exiu'tion 

 and care are not reipiisile to preserve his proper- 

 ty in ;i healthful eondiiion : there is no one so 

 poor, that w hih^ be remains in health and strength 

 is incom|ieteiit to obiaiii a livelihood. The weal- 

 thy farmer is blessed that he is not too rich 

 to le;icli bis children how to earn a li\idilioo<l 

 and take care of' themselves: the indiistfrious fiir- 

 mer with diminished means is doubly blessed, 

 that his children have been taught not only to 

 earn for themselves a living, but to afford llio 

 means of comfort in oM age to those who virtu- 

 ously educaled and snslaiucd them when yount'. 

 —HiU's .^iddrcss, U^40. 



The bibor of l!ie farmer his great blessisig. 



If I had not .■dre:iily loo much cxtciiib'd ibis ad- 

 dress, I might call llie atienlion of tho.^e vvbo 

 bear me to other subjects worthy ihe ;illeiitioii of 

 intelli;ient iien in lliis at'e of innovation and im- 

 provement. The history of the pa.-l will teach 

 us wdiat we may s:ifely adopt and uhat we ought 

 lo avoid. Good sense uill at lc:isl convince us 

 ihat mall <:aniiot live and grow rich wilhoul la- 

 bor; that tlie iiew.'ssity for labor is his greatest 

 blessing; and that those who effectually labor in 

 llie earih. of all ollier.s, are most b!esse<l. Fur 

 looking around us, where wiH we fifid the occu- 

 palioii more truly fitted lo uijui's eiijoyment than 

 that of' the fiirnier.' If lo sujiply llie wants of 

 his fauiily^if to pay the <leli(s which bis oiiilay 

 had con'racled — he be oblijred to work constant- 

 ly with his own hands, in lliat labor be finds ihe 

 means of refreshing sleep, of heall'i and strength 

 fro:ii exercise, and of contcnimenl and salisliic- 

 lion in performing soiiii'lhing f!ir the general 

 good : ihe bread and meal is more grateful to bis 

 palate liir being grown an<l raised mider his own 



Kcotcl) FarniiBS. 



BY ROBERT II. BREC;. A SCOTCH lAR.MER. 



The fbnndatiuii of all improvement in iho 

 Scotcli farming, is the system of thoioii^^ii driiin- 

 ir.if ; and so essential is this ctmsidered, that nios't 

 of the land is deemed iinworlhy of being fiirined 

 at all, iiulil il has malergoue this o[ier,i!ion. 



'i'lioroiigh draining, or furrow rlraining', is a 

 series of drains, or liles, or broken stones, made 

 at regular distances, from 15 lo 30 feci, or more, 

 apart, according 10 the nature of the soil, o\er 

 ihe « hole field. This may be called the new 

 system (d' <lraining', as opjiosed to the old one of 

 culling a i't^w deep drains where springs actually 

 show themselves, iiiiil which mode <d' draining 

 is now, I lndicvc, entirely abr.iidoned by llic best 

 liirmers. Fur iniiinle directions on this, and 

 other branches of the .'^uhject, IrelJjr lo tin' b;iok 

 of Professor Loiv, on Scotch Husbaiidry, wliicll 

 is considered the be>t amhorily. I will merely 

 remark, that il is .•Khisable, in every case, lo lay 

 the <lrains ?'h </ic oW/iiircics, not across them; 

 an<l the drains ihemselve.--, bIkxiW be 10 lo ]8 

 inches deep. When made with sionfs the top of 

 the drain may be brougbt neaiei llie surface llian 

 is safe with <7fs, and :ilso, when llic land is for 

 pcriiKiiient grass, than when intended forarsibie; 

 hut I believe the lops, evcii of stone drains, on 

 truss lands, should be at least twelv<: iiiclas l-.e- 



