rTca-Tj-crscnsaSBl 



awBrSfiwaB Cg gag . ^ggaga B R= T 



: ^.awM*iJr »w>eagrg<^s 



62 



i!l{)e i'avincv's iHciutlihj iltsitor. 



wish ani|ile 

 mid liiriiips 

 : rent 71. per 



low till- fiiii-fin.-e of the grniiiid, iiml lUul tile drnitis 

 in (irnhlc iantl, .-lioiild iidt ii|iiiroafli tlie siiiTiicu 

 iitMioi- tliiiii 18 or 20 iiu-lic.-. 



The Slims ?|iendiii!.', at iivesciit, in Scolljiiid. 

 upon llinrcMigli dr:iiiiiiiL', "I'l! iniinciis-o. It will 

 1.0 SL'Pii, ill ilia lollowiiiL' notes of the funis I 

 vitiiled, lli:it one fiii iiii?r hud laid out 1,800/. in 

 Ihoroiiiih draiiiini,' alone, during llie lirst two 

 \earti of his lease. 



I will now pill iloiMi n few cxtraols iToni my 

 iinlcs of the farms I vi.-;ileil, and shall eall iheiii 

 liv ditii-rciit iinnibers, that ilie farin.i may not he 

 iiTn;;ni/( il : 



No. 1. .'Meailow land in small lioMiiigs, «Iiero 

 the roiiniion seuers of the town disclnrce, one 

 or two miles (i-oni Ediiihnriili, the grass con- 

 slaiilly cut and taliei) into touu, for cows and 

 horses : rf)i< 1.5/. per acre. 



No. 2. .\t two miles from town, 

 supply of town manure — jiolatops 

 carried daily into Edinbuif,' lor sale 

 cnr. 



\o. 3. Farm 310 acii.s: old lease of 19 years, 

 I,. lely expired : old rent 1.700/., or .'">'. per acre. 

 The (iirnier took off 18,000/. to 20,000/., and has 

 just liuiu'ht a handsome estate in the nei;.'libor- 

 iiood, wliieli he is improvinjr. 'J'his firm i.-< re- 

 let, on a new lease, for 1!) _\ea;s, at a rent of 

 2.000/., or G/. per acre. 



No. 4. Two liimdred and fifiv aeres, at three 

 miles from Edinhiirf.': rent 1,000/. to 1,200/. 

 Thrashing inaehiiie, with dressers uiid finisher.'--, 

 on most approved prinri[ile, made liy Carlow, 

 of Lenny Forl,CosIorpliiiie, lidinhiiri;, cost 8.5/. 

 t xcliisive of eeeriiiij. Steam-enpiiie, si.x hor.ses' 

 power, coin))leti!, for 120/., of Ediiiburg iiiaiiu- 

 tUctuic. Last year, the rrop of wheal on this 

 fiirin reached six qimrlirs to the ncre, and the 

 wind.! was sold at 8i)s. per quarter. Contracts 

 with lilacUsmitiis at 3.'. per annum, for each pair 

 of horses, iheliidiiiir shoeing, geer, plough und 

 cart repairs, hut no renewal. 



No. .5. and 6. lu one liaiiil, or at least under 

 one manajrement. Last yi^ar and this toeother, 

 lias spent 1,S00/. in draiiiins alone: this done 

 with hroken stones, which serms generally pre- 

 ferred, is not only cheaper, lint more dinnUle. 

 than tiles. When tiles are used, alway.-? put 

 Jiat,j er pans, tiir tlieiii to rest on. Diaining here 

 varies from 18 to tiO feel between drains. 

 I'or seeding down, 1 lii:slif;l of rye gratis, "1 ! 



•1 •• while do. Vpei=crc. 



i " yellow (Jo. cr trefoil, J 



If iiili.ndeil to lie down three years, or, indeed, 

 two, reverse the rpianlities of red and white clo- 

 ver. Lets his friMss to a d.iiiyman, ami contracts 

 with him for sale of his tiiriiiiis. 



No. 7. Five hiuidred acres : rent 1,750?., seven 

 miles from Ei!inbiir>.'li. 'I'oo far from town to 

 benefit, like the other farms, and a stiller ijuality 

 of land; prows less potatoes and tiirni|>s, but 

 very fine, beans, and oblii'cd to keep sloek. Gen- 

 eral stock for fatting, tliiee-\ear old, Angii> 

 bred, hot some cross of the Caithness cow and 

 Klion-horn bull, qniic fat at ttco yerirs old. Hts! 

 iiianore, half rape, half dniij;: only good ulieii 

 ose<l willi dung; boys whole cargoes of rape. 

 The gentleman who farms this, niid bis two 

 brothers, pay together 4,.5CO/. rent. 



No. 8. Three Inindred acres: 20 mih's from 

 Euinburgh, .Mitch draining uoing on. The first 

 crops of Iiiriiips this firm ij,-il ever borne, beitiL' 

 nilf-laiid, they looked inomi.^ing. 



I'rice of l.ir;;e liles, oOs. per 1,(;00. 14 inches loii^'. 

 Ditto sinail, S'i.s. " •' 



iM.lnurc rnne. 10 cwt. > 



Dunff.Stoas^l'"""'^- 



Fquchs 40 oxen. The tbree-year-old iiighlatul 

 oxen fatten in four niouilis. 



No. !). Three hundred to three limidred and 

 fifty acres: 2.5 miles froin Ediiiburg: reulaboui 

 1,200/. Farmer absent: and Iwing the last' vear 

 of the leasi', the irreeve was not comiiiunii ative, 

 tliiiikiog we were looking at (he farm for onr- 

 ielves. Seventy acres in «he;ii, oliout 5A ipiar- 

 ters to the acre, and exaclly equal over every 

 iiirb oi tile field. The liinu nearly wiihont a 

 ItMice, and almost every yard in the highest slate 

 of cnliivatiod. I'rocures a good deal of manure 

 from sea weed, being not (Jir from the shore. 



No. 10. A liirm, or we should call it uii estcde, 

 of (500 acre.-i, lauly purchased for 70,000/., wiili- 

 oiit « single attraction of any kind, bin to a fiirni- 

 er. The proprietor has jusl'laid out about 5,000/, 



in a new s/tW/iisf, or farm buildings, compact and 

 complete, containing stalls for 25 horses, eight- 

 horse steam engine, and every jiossible conveni- 

 ence for carrying on so large a concern. It con- 

 tains numerous pens fiir siock-l'eeders, the farm 

 to supply them with turnips for winter, and grass 

 tor summer; but it is not intended,! was given 

 to understand, to meddle with stock themselves, 

 uithout necessity, fijllowing out the plan of at- 

 tending onlv to one branch of business. 



The general course of cropping in the Lothi- 

 an.", seems to be—wheat, after summer fallow, or 

 not; turnips, or )iotatocs: barley; seeds, down 

 for one, Uvu, or three years, as circumstances 

 varv; oats. When further (roni town tiiaiiure, 

 and land siitier, a crop of beans and peas is ta- 

 ken. In East Lothian we saw comparatively 



quiets them : they are fiiruishcd with frc:sh mat- 

 ter for the compost heap in which they work 

 from time to time as they choose. Besides 

 the ii>Mal material from the kitchen, they 

 are kd with a coniposition of meal made from 

 Indian corn ground with the cob. Tliiii is mixed 

 with water, and sufiered to li'rment. With it 

 Mr. Low says the hogs are much better satisfied 

 and grow fasti'r I ban they would with meal 

 ground from the clear grain. Two or three 

 months before they are slaughtered, when he 

 wishes to put on the fat, he makes use of tliB 

 clear meal; and about that time has on hand tlio 

 smaller shoals to consume the coarser food. 



Tiic dairy (iirniersof New Hainpshiroand Ver- 

 tnoiit, who keep cows .itid make butter and 

 cheese, alwjijs have the best pork: but where 



few potatoes, whilst iu West Lothian it ajipears | there is not whey and milk to feed them, wc are 

 to he the crand crop.* l of opinion that ;Mr. Low's method of keeping 



I have thus endeavored to giie, in a somewhat | hogs with cob meal is as good as any other.- ■ 

 iincomiecled way, the result of my observ.itions | iV. Vis. 

 on the Lothian I'arming, ic/iere /iig-A reids, high 



profit.'!, and a well paid and contented peasr.ntr'j, are 

 all seen comhined in a pleasing vtiion. 



^Tlie fullnwing may be tike-n as a j^ond sample of the 

 four ye;ir8 courie ol' liusbinidry. in the West Lothian, on 

 n f:'.riii uf inu.icreS; between ihrec and five miles dlitauee 

 from Eduiburg-: 



.,,-lo acres Pot^itoes, 



. . .45 Wlier.t. 



( CO Gr.nss. 



' f '2y Turnips. 



I, '20 0,its alter the gr.iss. 



* I 2j Barley after turnips. 



lo'O 



First ynar.. 

 Second year . 



Third \ e.ir , . . 

 Fourtli vear.. 



In the East Lothian, 

 vear course, at ten to 

 iiiirgli : 



I- irat year 7\irniii3. 



Second year Uiriey. 

 Third year Grass. 



The best ap[iroxiiiiation 

 the division of the gross 

 gives— 



Kent 



K^penses 



iVolit and bilercit 



the following is a commeu sis- 

 twcnlv miles distance from Kdin- 



Fourtli vear 

 Flftli year 

 Sixth yca- 



I could learn, 

 pioceeds of i 



33 per cent, 



17 do, 



:iO du. 



Oats 



Beans. 

 Wheat. 



as to 

 , farm. 



100 



To TUF Editor: — The Visitors which recom- 

 mend our native breed of stock ofcatile are much 

 admired here. We have tried the imported 

 breed and are satisfied that it takes inucli more 

 feed to keep tbeiii and they are not as mild tem- 

 pered as our own native breed ; and we are heart- 

 ily sick oftlio IJerksliire breed ofhogs. The 

 best kind fur us is tiie half Morha and halt'cros.s, 

 and uilh those we liitten some, very fine hogs in 

 Ibis vicinity; and we ,ilso lune a beautiful kind 

 of neat stock, dark cherry red, fine form and ve- 

 ry silky— good dispositions — keep easy. They 

 are the native breed impiiued bv irood keeping, 



li. E. PiJAT'l'. 

 Snjhrook, CI.,Mtrrh, 1844. 



N. 15. After all that has been ptiblisiied, we 

 are cinivinced that more is due iu the improve- 

 ment of calile, horses, sheep and hogs to the 

 manner ill which they are raised iuu\ kejit than 

 to tlieir i)eculiar breed. Individuals of the same 

 breed are often much superior toothers; and 

 breed.s may be improved by selecting the best 

 and the fairest of proponion. IJiit the most beatl- 

 liliil animal with bad treatment becomes the 

 most iJiisighily an<l inferior. The best imported 

 stock ofcatile, &:c. were originally inHr'iior: suc- 

 cessive generations of the same stock have been 

 improved by good keeping and the selection of 

 gooil breeders. We ciiinot doubt that some of 

 our native breeds are even belter than the besl 

 imported, and this because they are better adapt- 

 ed to our i-limate. 



.\s an iliiistraliou of the f.cl that good kee[iing 

 is beitoj- lliaii any thing else, wc |iresent .-i case. 

 We have rc-tiaiked that our old friend, William 

 Low of liiistosvn, always lias a (uiir of bogs 

 wliicli at the .-^ge of eighteen months, near 

 Tli.inksgiviiig time, never liiil to turn out a dead 

 weight of ibcssed fat and lean meat weighing 

 fioni five to si.\ liwndi(<l pounds. He seldom or 

 never breeds these animal.-^, 'uit purchases them 

 where lie can find them most coiiveiiieiilly, 

 soineiimes e.vtieinely lank and poor, and ofbieeils 

 and colors wtiicli ii would Ik! dilTicuk to trace or 

 designate, Conslaiil and lingular fecdins soon 



From the American I'armtr. 

 I/arge Crops of C'oru. 



Corn planters, who are in the habit of grow- 

 ing ftoiii four to si.x barrels (twenty to thirty 

 bushels) of corn to the acre, are very incredu- 

 lous as to the possibility of raising a huiiilreil 

 bushels to llie acre; and yet there are albousaiid 

 instances of the fact recorded from time to liins 

 in our journal. Could we spare the time and 

 fjiace, ue could fill a dozen papers with such 

 fiict.--, well atlested ; but, as wc liave neither at 

 our disposal, we shall coulent luirself lor t!ie 

 present by copjing the following article from 

 the Aliiany Cultivator, lis re-publication should 

 and we trust will excite a laudable spirit of riv- 

 iilrv, as what one man has done anoiher may 

 do": 



The fficat crop of the Fiiiteil State.*, whether 

 we look at quantity or value, is unquestionably 

 our corn crop. Four hundred and fifty millions 

 of bu^ilel.- in 1810, and probably 500 millions in 

 1842, show the importance of this grain to n.-'. 

 And yet the (piainiiy now grown is nothing, ii 

 mere ilrop in the bucket, compared with wTiat 

 we niiglit do, should circiimst:iiices render it ao 

 visableto increase the proiluction to an extent 

 tbatuiignt easily be reached on the present cul- 

 tivated lands ot' the Union. In order to show at 

 a glance what niij;lit be done, we have taken the 

 pains to collect a few instances of good crops 

 that have been growii among n,'=, and would re- 

 ni.iik that on a very large portion of our soils, 

 iu favorable seasons, and with the cultivation 

 com shouhl receive, crops like the ones named 

 may as well be grow n as inferior ones. It is 

 true, we now and then meet with n farmer or 

 writer who asserts that no man ever saw 75 

 bushels of coin grow on an acri', and that the 

 farmer should be contented wilh 'i5 ; but the on- 

 lv enioiions cxciie<l by such are contempt for 

 the i.'uonmt confiileiice shown, and pity tint iu 

 this country men should be found so far behind 

 the times. 



The iinmber of such crops, where the pro- 

 duct exceeded 100 bushels per flcre, niiglit be 



