Sl)c Jarmci*'5 i^lontl)Ij) bisitor. 



67 



Dr. Dan;i's Essay treats of the value of ashes 

 ns inaiiiii'f, and ue comriieiul his reii arUs to the 

 BIteiitiuM of all who are iiitei-eslcil ill the suhjcct. 

 Thei;i'e"t value which he gives even in spent ash- 

 fis, may excite siir|)i'ise in some, as it did Hilh 

 lis; yet his statements are, no doubt, baseil on 

 well ascertaiiu'd I'ai-ts. 



A late nimiher of the Maine Fanner contain- 

 ed an oxeelli'iit article liy Mr. Samuel Stetson, 

 on Ih<; use of ashes. One statement of his de- 

 vclojis something new to ns, ihongli it may mil 

 lie 80 -to others. He says : — "1 have found thai 

 wherever a fair dressing of leached ashes, say 

 from 200 to 250 hnshels per acre, is used in one 

 year, where |ioiatoi'S are planted, that lor several 

 years afterwards the potatoes grown there are 

 so scabby as to lie entirely unfit for the market, 

 or (or table use. 



* * I have had to rfi'g- this kiiouleilge out 

 to my own cost, and this provoked me to iininire 

 of others, and I Ibiiiid the same result — wherever 

 Icnelied ashes were used, scabby potatoes came 

 lifter." Mr. S. accounts for this efli;ct by the po- 

 tatoes coming in contact with the lumps of ash- 

 es, which -'eat cdT the skin, and leave the pota- 

 toes scabby" — ands.'iys: "I expect the same re- 

 sult must liillow, until the bunches of ashes are 

 dissolved by the plow, rain and frost, and then 

 I expect the mischief will cease, and not befurc." 

 Notwithstanding this iiijnrioiis eflect of leached 

 nshes, on potatoes, I\[r. Sletsnn considers lliem 

 "one of the most valuable manures f.ir grass, 

 grain of all sorts, peas, beans, &c." For wheat, 

 especiallv, be says he knows of "no nar.nre so 

 valuable, according to its cost, as leached a:<li- 



Oreat Plekcf-3.— L. a. Morrill, Esq., of Lake 

 UidL'e, Tompkins (/Oiinty, N. Y., in a communi- 

 cation in the New (ieiiessee Farmer, stales that 

 lie has a Saxon Buck whose two last fleeces to 

 gether weighed 13 lbs., being now in bis sixth 

 year. That is, each Heece weighed liA lbs. He 

 also states that he has several ewes wliioli over- 

 went 5 lbs. This is pretty well tor full blooded 

 Saxons, a breed of sheep which, while they af- 

 ford the linesi wool in the world, have the light- 

 est fleeces of any breed. 



P.Ir. M., however, very honestly observes that 

 '■ the singlingont individiiul sheep to denote what 

 n whole flock will averag.e, or lo compiire some 

 50 with a flock of 2000, when the fact is well 

 knnun that small flocks are proportionally always 

 mure profiiable than large ones, is not the fair 

 thing." We think so too. The following remarks 

 will encourage our wool growers. " The advance 

 in thi prices of all kiwJs of imol willbe sustninej. — 

 The article has been depressed below its vvdiie 

 all over the world for three years past ; but it has 

 now turned, and a con-iderable advance has t;i- 

 keii place in Enro[ie, and the next German 

 Fairs will show more animation in the demand 

 than has been seen for a long linic." 



This is encouraging news, and we hope that 

 those of onr farmers who have steadily adhered 

 to their flock ', and have endeavored to improve 

 them, and all ilie discoiiragenieiits that have met 

 them, will again see bright and prosperous days. 

 Maine Farmer. 



and 300 sheep, and afterivards carted into the 

 farm yard 3.50 tous of turnips. In the present 

 year they had a very lair crop of barley and oats, 

 which his Irieiid, Mr. Henry, would be very glad 

 to show to any genilenian who felt any cnriovjty 

 on the subject. Now he did not hesitate to s;iy 

 that that land was,;it that moment, worth, 30s. an 

 acre. The outlay upon it for pnll-ing up old fen- 

 ces, thoroughly div.iniiiff, tilling, and breaking it 

 up, amounted just to £7 10s. per acre, giving just 

 20s. for every MOs. of oiillay, and giving to the 

 landlord a perniMiient interest of 14 per cent. <in 

 I ho money laid out on that iinproinisiiig ground. 

 It happeiir-d that in the same year ibey took into 

 their own hands laud v.'hich had b"en abandoned 

 liy the tenant as perfeclly worthless. It was a 

 large field ot 22 acres of very poor sandy soil. — 

 It was drained .-it an expense of £9 per stainte 

 aere, and in the first year they fed oil' on that 

 land 120 sheep, the remaining part of tlie tur- 

 ni|is bi'ing carted to the farm yard; and be ven- 

 tured to say, that at the expense of £2 per acre, 

 the land was increased in value 10s. per acre to 

 the landlord, and as much to tin) tenant. — JVew 

 Ensc'and Farmer. 



Early Rising. — Next to temperance, a quiet 

 conscience, a cheeiliil mind and aclive habits, ] 

 place early rising as a means of health and hap- 

 piness. I have hardly words for the estimate 1 

 form of the sluggard, male or female, that has 

 formed the habit of wasting the early prime of 

 day in bed. Pnlting out of the question the 

 positive loss of life, and that too of the most in- 

 spiring and beautiful part of eacli day, when all 

 voices of nature invite man from his tied; leav- 

 ing out of the calculation, that longevity lias been 

 almost invariably atleiided by early rising; to me 

 late hours in bed present an index to character, 

 and an omen of the ultimate liojies of the per- 

 son who indulges in this habit. 



There is no mark so clear of a tendency to 

 sclf-indnlgence. !t denotes an inert and feeble 

 mind, infirm of ]impose, and incapable of that 

 elastic vigor of will which enables the possessor 

 to nccomidish what bis reason ordains. The 

 subject of this nnlbrluiinle lialiit cannot but have 

 fi'lt self-reproach and a purpose to spring from 

 his repose with the freshness of dawn. If the 

 mere indolent luxury of another linnr of languid 

 indulgence is allowed lo over-rule this belter 

 purpose, it argues a general weakness of char- 

 acter, which promises no high altainnient of dis- 

 tinction. These arc nevor awarded by fortune 

 to any tiait but vigor, promptness, and decision. 

 Viewing the habit of late rising in any of its as- 

 pects, it would scciii .':s if no being could be 

 found in the habit of sacrificing the freshest por- 

 tions of life at the curtailing of the remainder, 

 for anv pleasure that his indulgence could coll- 

 ier.— Ftml. 



Good Effects ofDiaiuiug. 



At the late annual meeting of the Liverpool 

 Agricultural Society, the president. Lord Stanley, 

 said that he would state one instance of th<^ prac- 

 tic.-il reliirns which might be expected liom tho- 

 rongli scieiuific draining. 



Ill ISn, his father was about to enclose in the 

 park of Kiiosvsly, a tract of about 80 acres. Of 

 this about 90 acres were strong clay hind, with a 

 very retentive subsoil, and the remaining CO he 

 reniemliered from his boyhood, as the favored 

 haunt of snipes and wild ducks, and never saw 

 there any thing else. In the course of the first 

 year, the (iO acres maintained — but very poorly — 

 dining the summer, six horses ; and on the 20 

 ncree there was a very small crop of very poor 

 bay. It was impossible for land to be in a poor- 

 er condition ; and in breaking it up they hail 

 some two or three times to dig the iilongh hors- 

 es out of the bog. 



In 1842, the whole of tliisland was thoroughly 

 snbsoiled and drained, and in 1842, what was not 

 worth 10s. an acre per annum, the year before, 

 was in turnips, and on that land they fed off, in 

 five nionlhs, rlid fattend for the butcher, 80 beasts 



Froni the Auierican Aijricullunst. 

 Butter itiakiiig in Orange Co., N. Y. 



I have delayed uiilil now a r onijiliance with 

 vour request, to furnish to you a statement of the 

 progress of bntlcr-making, as pursued in our 

 county, with a view to obtain from a nninbcr of 

 onr best butler- makers, the details of their proces.s. 

 As lint staternents rec-cived do not materially dif- 

 fer (ro:ii each other, or from my own mode of 

 proceeding, 1 shall give you tliat. 



The Milk Room.- h \i all-important that this 

 should lie cool, rfry, and inoikrateli/ light, with a 

 free cirndation of air. Mine is in the cellar of 

 my farm-house, ventilated by meansof two win- 

 dows about two feet square, on the north side, 

 and a like window, and a lattice-door on the sonili 

 side, all covered on the outside \\ itii wire-ganze, 

 fine enough to exclude ihe flies. 'I'he floor is 

 liirnied by a layer of small stones, six inches 

 ileep, well grouted — that is, ii mortar of lime and 

 sand, thin enough to run freely, is poureil upon 

 ihe stones until they are entirely covered with it 

 — and when dry, a thin covering of water-lime 

 cement is put upon it, and made smooth with the 

 irowcl. This costs little, if any more than a 

 plank floor, and eircclually keeps out both rats 

 and mice; and as water does not injure it, it is 

 easily ke)it perfectly clean and svveet. The milk- 

 pans stand u[ion marble slabs, raised upon brick 

 work, about two feet from the floor, and the but- 

 ler is worked upon a marble lable. A |uimp is 

 placed at one end ot llicroom bringing the wa- 

 ter through n lead pipe, from the bottom of the 



well, and the water discharged, rims the whole 

 length of the cellar in a channel prepared for 

 the pur|iosc, when the floor was cemented, ami 

 escapes through a fine iron grate, cemented into 

 the floor, over the moulh of the ilrain. The churn 

 stands in the milk room, and is worked by a dog 

 power machine, on tie- outside of the building. 

 The milk room should be n.-ed exclusively lor 

 dairy piirjioses. 



Dairi/ Ulcnsih. — The cows .are milked into 

 wooden pails, nol painted on the inside, and kept 

 perfeclly neat and sweet. They must bo iho- 

 ronghly cleansed, dried, and aired, morning and 

 evening, and never be used for any other purpose. 

 The pans should he shallow, uiih the sides inncli 

 move slanliiig than the usual pattern of pann 

 which we see at the tin shops, and be kepi as 

 bright as silver; they must also bo well aired in 

 the sun. 



The Milk. — Tfiis must stand in the ])anstni('i'.<:- 

 lurhed, until ihe whole of ihecri'am has risen; — 

 some of onr best dairy-women say, until it is 

 '^ loppercd," ov thick, — both milk and cream are 

 then put into the churn together, at a temperature 

 of about fitiy-five of Fahrenheit ; the ehnrn is 

 then worked with n rapid stroke, say from 60 to 

 75 per minnte, until the butler " begins to come," 

 when the brake is put upon the wheel, and the 

 churn is worked more and more moderately, until 

 the butter is entirely separated from the bntlcr- 

 milk. Upon taking the bulter from the churn, it 

 is washed with cold water, salted, and thoi-oiighly 

 worked with a irooden ladle, upon the marble 

 table. It must never be winked wilh ihe hand, 

 as the warmtli of the hand will injure it. it is 

 then set aside in a cool place, until the next day, 

 when it is again, in like manner, worked iniiil 

 every droji oi' the butter-milk is extracted. It is 

 then fit fin- packing away, or for use. The butter 

 must at no time be allowed to get soft. 



FREDERICK; J. BETTS. 



Xewhurg, Dec. 12th, 1843. 



Fri.ia Fliil's iN. H. Patric.t. 

 The Suicide. 



TRAN'sr, '.Trn from Tiir. cfmuN. 



Oh! from what I now rci'itt?. 



With jTontietenrs tiedew ynur fves, 

 Lament the lover's hapless fate, 



.\iiu learn whit wo s IVo:') love arise. 



A youth of cxomplaiy wortli. 



The conilort ef his aped sire, 

 Whose virtues o:;!y bursting fhrth, 



The fairest hopes might well inspire, 



By beauty's potent ehnrnis .■^ubdueil, 



For Laur.i ieita ten;iei" psin ; 

 Her equal love with ardor sued. 



But found his fond entreaties vain. 



While at lier feet he pleads his flamo. 



The cruel I. aura llids him lly j 

 "Yes!" cried he, ''yes! in~uUin;Tditne; 



You never more sinii hear lac sigh." 



Then on his sword, his hand he lays, 



Whde Willi despair his gesiures lireatlic ; 



D.-av.'s it — the deadly point surveys, 

 .\nd llirn-;[s it — buek into ils^litiilh. 



H. .1. B. 



FoRKST Leaves .«s Mani'RK. — It is well 

 known that the leaves of trees make a most val- 

 uable manure, but Ibey are so light of weight 

 thnt it is rather troublesome gathering them. — 

 Mr. Cadmus, of Long Island, lias given ns bis 

 method of collecting them, wliiidi we think is 

 the best we have yet heard ot". He lakes a com- 

 mon dung-fork, and striking it lightly into the 

 surface soil, w hen not frc/.en, which the leaves 

 cover, il will easily peel fiom the subsoil from 

 one to two inches deep. As it is loosed in ihis 

 way roll il over on the leaves, and ns soon ns ii 

 good fbrkfull is obtained throw il into the wagon. 

 The leaves and top soil are thus taken npipiiie 

 rapidly, and the latter, weight tor weight, for 

 many piirposi^.s, is scarcely less vaiimble than 

 the Ibrmer. They make one of the very best 

 maiuu-es, for iiiirsei ics, orchards, and gardens. — 

 Along their sides, and particularly in the corner.s 

 of fences, lari;e qnantilics of decayed leaves 

 and rich soil may be Ibimd ; and we know of 

 noihing nioie valuable lo bi; mixed with man- 

 me ill the b.iril yard, or to inuke u compost of 

 with lime, iislics, charcoal JIdust, nnd oth)'|- sub- 

 stances.— ./7ni. Jigrindturisl. 



