iJ^jc Jarmcr's iHouil)!i) lUsitor. 



79 



l;iii<l productive: llipy arciiimilnte ihe refuse aiul 

 I'll;.! 1)1' ilie world lo Ije ti|!iilii-il to tl}i? uohlo uso 

 ,il inaking tlio ^iniiind tuon; proiluclivp. Scve- 

 i-il \eiirs ii^'o wo r(;ii)Ciiil)i'i- to liiive n-ad l!;iitlli(! 

 liiii'cs of tl/u tlioiis.-iiids sliiiii at Watcnloo, which 

 viiTi; cniisiiiiiinif li_v oxpoMUo lo tlin o|i('ii ail, 

 •MIC coilpclcd iiiiil sliiiipi'd to Great I!i!luiii, 

 )|'i re to he j^ruimd into powder and used as ilia- 

 iiiiip. Guano was at first sliipped tl-oiii liie dis- 

 ianl islands of t^oiilli America : liie same iiiatc- 

 ri:d is also found on the desolale shores of Afri- 

 ra ; aiiH douhtless it riia.v he found on the unin- 

 h.ihited shores of every part ii>i' the world, where 

 u dd fowls or other animals of the sea have ire- 

 fjiioiiled. In the northern coiintiies ol' Lalirador, 

 and even of Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, and 

 the numerous islands at the North-east, wliere 

 nivriads of geese, diicUs and uiher water fou I 

 tind their home in the sitnimer, the coilertioii of 

 nais must nndie the sliores as a mine of this 

 condensed nianuro in its most perl'ect state. Its 

 eMPUsive importation (o the Allanlic coast of the 

 I'nited Slates — its application to the worn-out 

 firms of the older Slates — would soon hriiij; lip 

 their asriciiltine lo hecoine more profilalile ihan 

 even the virgin ferlilit}' of new lands at llic West. 



Llrinid manure, the drainin;^; from stables and 

 cow-pens, is the most valuahle of all manures. 

 Yet there is scarcely one farmer in twenty of 

 the country who saves it except as it is drained 

 into and Indds upon the ordinary diinL' mat col- 

 tects on the heap or the y.'ird. In the Dutch and 

 Flemish Inishandry Ihe ordinary crops are won- 

 .<lerfiiliy iucieased hy the applicaiion of liquid 

 manure after vejielation has slaiKtl. It is col- 

 lei'ted in lanivs or pits, into uhicli it is direcled 

 as it falls licuii tlie catlli'or drains from iheduii!; 

 heap. 'l"he c-art or vpUt~-f« in which it is trans- 

 |)orIed lo the field is made litfht, holding- wnler; 

 fliul the lirpiid is let out and scattered over the 

 field as the streets of -our •■iiii's are watered. — - 

 The s|;!m<ilattn!i efTeet of lii|ui<ls thus applied 

 exceeds that of any other kind of nianuie. 



Kvery farmer when coiistjiu'iing a new Inrn 

 ivill easily he enahled at a very small ailditional 

 expense t<>make the <i<ie preparaliou for saving 

 aTl llie liquid, and at least sodiHnsing il iiicarlhy 

 materials that his cultivated grounds may receive 

 its whole heuefit. 



05^ A correspondent has sent ns tlie follow- 

 ing recipe" for the preservation of Imiuaii blood." 

 It may prove interesting to ati^ffeiTrs. 



IMf.ssrs. Editors: — Knowing your widely eir- 

 rulaliiig periodical to he the medium of a vast 

 nmount of valn;d)h; information; and knowing 

 f.ersotiaily that \<Ki are friends to our common 

 vac(^ 1 am induced to olTer the following item of 

 what I consider the most valuahle discovery. per- 

 taining to cue pariicninr hrancli of domestic 

 economy,! have ever met with. AIJ Ihose whose 

 fortunes have called lliem to travel, as iiave mine, 

 can most i-ea<lily .and cordially appreciate its 

 important merits. It is none other lliau a re- 

 cipe fcjr \Ue prescrvritinn of humanhlood ; toefied 

 the ntier and total ejeclrnenl and seclu.-ion of 

 that most nnniprons, most voracimis and .inhuman 

 of all hlood sncker.s, usually denominated the 

 " led bus-:' 



I casually came in possession of iilie following 

 •■eci|]e, at the North Family of the Uiiiled Socie- 

 ty of Shakers, Enfield. h claims its original 

 discover) there, and the kind and generous heait- 

 eii sister, from whom I received the details of 

 the process, (who bv the way, exhiliits no oi'dina- 

 ry (Ipgree of intelligence) claims to he the dis- 

 coverer. She says they have proved it ti>r the 

 last fifteen or twenty years, anddorieg that lime 

 not even one str.iggling " hed hni;" has heeii 

 known to make his appearance; allliongh in the 

 inlcriin, this preventive i*as not hecii renewed. 



It is simply this: Paint your hed-stead \^ilha 

 tliorongh coat of verdigris, or, (if any other color 

 or no painting at all is desired generally) mere!\ 

 paint the tenons ami niorlises, r.nd ihe holes 

 tlirough which ihe cord passes, and with virdi- 

 Sris. This will require son:e little care, as ttie 

 inside of the holes siionld he ihorongldy hedaiih- 

 ed, that they have a durable coat, to prevent 

 the ahsorhent action of the wood. Then besmear, 

 profusely, the joinis and holes witli ■' nnxnentum:' 

 and put it together; and if it is fdihlidlv done 

 you will not be ironbled wiih bed bugs for 1.") 

 years, if ever. Indeed I was tidd, ilial so effect- 

 ual was this precaution when cpplitil to new 



bed-steads, tliatthey liad searclierl closely, twice 

 a year, for nearly twcoiiy years, and had never 

 found one iii all their buildings, during tha< lime. 

 And, what tome is very remark.-ilile, the nngneu- 

 mm still retains its former efiicacy and fresh- 

 ness. 



The expense aiul tronl'le are trifling; and Iilo 

 most earueslly coiijiu-e all Landjoiils, Steam Hoal 

 and Ship ownert?, keepers of Boarding Houses, 

 &c., in behalf of the travelling community gen- 

 erally, to rid their beds and lierllis o! these blood- 

 Ibir.s'ly and fillhy tenants, beliire they of^er to rent 

 iheui to travt Hers, since it caji be so reiidily, 

 cheaply .'ind effectoally ilmie- And if that alien- 

 lion is paid to it, vvhicli it so richly merits, if it 

 dt)es not preserve as many human lives, 1 candid- 

 ly believe it will in time save as many drops of 

 hiiinaii blood as were spilled upon the blood- 

 drenched pkdnsof Waterloo or Auslerlilz. 



PIllI.ANTHROI'OS. 



Apples. 



Mkssrs. Editors: — The object of this com- 

 mnnicalion is to suggest some rea.son why ibis 

 species of fruit should receive increased atten- 

 tion from our fiirming popnlaiion. More care 

 needs to lie hastovved upon the raising ol' the 

 chotiic /iliulx of apples. The demaiKl for these is 

 generally far beyond the supply. They are 

 needed liolli for consumption at home, and 

 sliipmeirt abroad. (Choice apple.«, hand picked 

 i»:il properly t'larrelcd, meet a ready sale, and at 

 lidr piice.s, whether needed lor domestic use or 

 (in- exportation to Europe. The greatest facili- 

 ties for such exporlalions are now aflbrded by 

 steamship,*, |)ackets, and other carriers of freight, 

 and it is well known that in lOnropean countries, 

 parlicdfarly Iviglaud, Amei'icni apples are ii4ore 

 tlioughl oil and I'OUMiiand higher prices than 

 ihuseof transallanlic growth, at prices which do 

 not tail lo yield to the shipper, due returns of 

 profit. Hence it is easy to see that the choice 

 article need only to be transported in go»d order 

 and condition to our commercial ei-uporiuni.s, to 

 .iliraet iiiiuiediale alfenlion and coBunand a ready 

 sale. 



who 



'J'he 



Rural C'emeteiies. 



From GE.-i.BKARniiRN's liep":t on Mount Aiiijuin Cem- 

 etery, near isostnn. 

 ' The establishment of a 'Cemetery in connexion 

 with lbe<Jarden of Experiment, -cannot fail of 

 meeting public approbation. Such rural burial- 

 places were common anjong the aitcient.s, 

 allowed no grave yards wiihin their cities. 

 Potter's Field was vviihout the walls of Jeriisa- 

 letn, and in the Twehe Tables il vvas presciibed 

 "that the dead should iieilher lie buried or tiuru- 

 e<l in ihe Ciiy" of ■Rome. Evelyn stales, "thai 

 the cnstflm of buryiugin churches .".lid nearaboot 

 Ihem, especi.dly in great cities, is a novel pre- 

 snniplion, indecent, sordid, and very prejudicial 

 to health ; it vvas not done amona the Chiisiiaiis 

 in t-he pri«]ilivc a:;es ;" and vvas fiirbidden by the 

 Emperors Gialian, V.alenlian. and Theodosiu.s, 

 and never sanctioned till the lime of Gregoiy Ihe 

 Great. The Easiern Chrisli;i«s <lo not now inter 

 the dead within llieir clmrches. IJnring the age 

 of Ihe patriarchs, groves weri^ selected as ple.ces 

 of sepnilure. When Sarah died, Abraham pur- 

 chased "the fi(jld of Ephron, in Machjieiab, with 

 all the trees which were iherein and tiie liorders 

 round aliont, as a burying place," and tlieie l,e 

 buried his wife ; "and there they buried Abra- 

 ham, Isaac, Rehekah and Le.ib :" and v^hen Jacob 

 had hles.sed his sons, " he said unto them, *I am 

 to be gatJaired unto my people: bury me with 

 rny fillie^ in the cave that is in the field of I'^pli- 

 ron." Deborah "was lanied <,eiip(ilii Belli el 

 under an o;d;," aiul ihe valiant men of Jahesb-gil- 

 ead removed the bodies ol' Saul ■■iiid his sons from 

 the w.all of Bethson and '■ buried them under a 

 tr<p." i\loses was binied in "a valley in the land 

 of Moah ;" .loseph, in "a jiarcel of ground in She- 

 (diem ;" Eletizer, the son of Aaron, "in a hiii that 

 pertained to Phinebas ;" and iManassab, vviih .Ani- 

 on, "ill the garden of IJyza." 



The planting- <d" i-.i>B(;-lj-,ees u(ioii graves is an 

 ancient custom: An.-icreon says ibafit |iroli'Cts 

 ihe de.ol ;" and Propertiiis indicates the usage of 

 binying amidst roses. 



I'lalo sanclioned ibe planliiig of trees over sep- 

 ulchres, and ihe tondi of Adriadne wa.s in the 

 Areilmsiaii Groves of (^rclc. The Catacondisof 

 Thebes wer(> excavated in the gorges of fi>rest 



clad hills, on the opposite bank -ol" the Nile ; and 

 those of Alenjphis were hevond the lake .\chern- 

 sia, Ironi which the Grecian myllioh.gisis derived 

 their fiihnloiis ;iecoiints of_ t^ie Elysiaii fields. 

 Tliere it was supposed the .souls of the virmon.<i 

 and illustrious retired after deaih, and roamed 

 ihroiigh bowers forever green, and over meadows 

 spangled with flowers, and refreshed by perrcMii- 

 al t;lreani.s. !ii the meuniains near to Jerusalem 

 were located the loinbs of the vjpulenl Isratdiies ; 

 and in a Garden, near the base of C.dvary, had 

 Jo;.eph, the ArinialliPaii, |)repared that meniora- 

 ble sppnlcbri; in whiidi was laid the crncifi.d 

 Messiah. The Greeks and Komaiis ofleii select- 

 ed the secluded recesses of wooded heights and 

 vale.i, as favorite places of ieterment, or the bor- 

 ders of the great public highways, where elegant 

 moiimnents were erected, luul surrounded with 

 cypress and oilier ever-veifiant trees. Many of 

 tlie richly-sculptured s.iivopliagi and niagnificent 

 tombs, reared by the once poiished naiioiis of 

 Asia i\!inor,are slill to be seen in the viciilily of 

 llie nninerons mined ciiies on the deserted coast 

 of ,Karaniania. 



The Alheniaiis allowed no burials wiihiu ihi; 

 cily. The illuslriniis men, who had eiiher died 

 in the service of their comitry, or wore thought 

 deserving of the most distinguislie*! honors, were 

 buried in the Cerainion.s, — an extensive public 

 cemi'tPry on the road to Thri.i. Tondis and stat- 

 ues were erected to their meniory, on which 

 were recounted ihcir praises and exploits; and 

 to render them fimiliar lo all, to animate every 

 ciiizen to a love of virtue anil il'^'Ti '""' ^^''-'i'e' 

 in yonlld'ul minims an aid nt desire of iinitaiing 

 those celebrated vvoribies, the spacious grounds 

 were endiellis'ed with trees, and made a public 

 promenade. Williin the (Jerainicus was ihe .Acad- 

 emy where Plato and the great men who I'ullow- 

 p(l him met thi'ir disciples, and field .assendilies 

 fiir philosophical coiilerenco and instniction. 

 Coniiec'ted with the Academy were a gymnasiimi, 

 anil a garden, vvbicli wws adorned vviili delight- 

 ful covered w.-dks, and refreshed hy the waters of 

 the C'ephisiis, vvhicli flo\ved under the shadi^ of 

 ihe plane and various other trees, throngh its 

 wesiern borders. At the entrance and wiihin the 

 area of the garden were temples, altars, aiul stat- 

 ues of the gods, 



'Ihe bodiis of the Athenians, v. ho had fallen 

 in hatlle, werv collected by their coimtiymen, 

 and after ihey were consnnied on Ihe funer.il pile, 

 their bones were carried to Atbc'iis; there they 

 were exposed in cypi-ess rof?iiis, under a largo 

 leu!, fin- three d.iys, that the relalions niii;ht pcu'- 

 form lliiise libalious which atT'ection and religion 

 enjoined; then iliey were phiceil on as many cars 

 as iliere were tribes, and the procession moved 

 slowly through the cily, to the Cerumiciis, where 

 fiineral aanies were exhibited, and an orator pub- 

 licly a[qioiiited for tiie occasion, pronounced an 

 enlogiiiin. 



ICven the Turks, wlio are .so opposed lo the 

 culiivation of the fine arl.s, endiellish their gr.ivc- 

 yards with evergreens, Willi iliein il is a li lig- 

 ons duty to plant trees aioniid the graves of their 

 kindred, and the burying ground of Scutari is one 

 of the most interesting objects in the environs of 

 Constantino|>le. Sitii.ited in the rear of the town 

 and extending along the declivity of the Asiatic 

 shore, towai'iis the sea of IMarmora, it presents a 

 vast forest of maji'slic tree's; and Ihilbe-r the in- 

 habitants id' th<^ imperial city generally resoit, du- 

 ring the sultry monlbs of suininer, to enjoy tlio 

 ctHd breezes, which descend from the Euxine, or 

 are wafted over the waves of the Propontis. 

 Thronghont Italy, France and llngland, there are 

 many ccmeleries wlii^di arc ornanientefl with 

 forest-trees atid flowering shrubs. Pcre L.t 

 Ch'iise, in the environs of Paris, has been admir- 

 ed, and celebrated, by every traveller who b,is vis- 

 ited that beaiililiil garden of the deail. 



In Liverpool a similar bmyiuir-fironnd vvas 

 completed I hree veers .-im-e, and a meeting' liiis 

 ricently been behl in London for liirndtlij one in 

 the vicinity of lliat cily, of a size and on a scale 

 of magnificence which shall qo.-iilrate with llie 

 wealili and v.istexli nt 'of the inii.diiy capil.-d of u 

 gre:it nation. Wiihin the central area are to l:n 

 exact mode Is of the superb li tuples, Irinmplial 

 ar<dies, coin urns and public nionmnenl.- of Greece 

 and l{onie, as reeept.-icles or mcni-jrialsof di'part- 

 cd vvoribies of the empire. 



The establisbineni of mud cemeteries similar 

 lo that of Prrf- la Chaise, h.'is oftc,ii been the sub- 



