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84 



(^\]t banner's i!lcnt!)lij iHsitcr. 



5 |ioiin(l:5 of jii-.iri. sli. 

 100 iMiimils ol" coiniiioii salt. 

 II iioumls ol" dry sulpliule of soda. 



531 pounds of aiiifle-ial guano. 

 This limy lie inix.'d intiiimti^ly wiili 100 pound* 

 ofclialk, aiid it will then, lii* adil.-i, lie ('(iiial in 

 eflicacv, I ln;lif.ve, to (;i ir hundred weijilit nl' till- 

 ano. Tin; in'iCK of tlii.- conniosilion lifi ('.sliiiiale^ 

 in En^'laiid at soinewh t over fivu dollar.-^, and 

 the four linndreil vveigl.r of giinno he infiilionsis 

 now si'lliiij,' at tweniy-Oe duUar.-;. 



Blood is likeuij'H suited to bo ;iii excellent mii- 

 niire. TlnnH tlionsa:'i! poiuids of liquid Iilooii 

 fiivi! seven liiindi-.id and fifiy I'.oiinds of lilond cn- 

 ii^'iil ili'd and diief!, wlicli is ,-aid to he surti.-ielil 

 for an acre. One hundred |ionn(l.-i (>'■ hlooiillms 

 ndd'^d, is equal to three hundred |ioniiil3 of hones 

 cnishiNl, or three lo ids of pood horsi: dting, 

 we;!iliins 7,200 imnnds. It is so > ai-.iahle to .«ii 

 gar canes, that it has heen sent from Pari-, Vi-here 

 it costs two dollars, to tl.e West Indies, where it 

 is sold at four doll. irs per liiiiiflred weifihi. Tliu- 

 vast iioantilies of lilouG which are produeeil In 

 the slaiijihier of h<);.'s and cattle at the west, may 

 he red id to a dry fo -ii), and find a ready mar- 

 ket as liiaiiiire, hot!) at hoiiie iind aliroad. An 

 EiiL-dish lienllenian tnan'ifK, Hirer of ariitieial f;ii- 

 ano, siiL'irests lo the Ciiiiiinis-ioner of I'.it'-nls 

 that many tons niiiriit he sold in that coniiliy. 

 He says thai for his jiii- |>osi-s, the iihiiid must he 

 exposed to a sleaiii heat until ii eeasfs to lose 

 U'ri:.'ht, and moved al out while dryiiifj, so as to 

 form, when ilrinl. a coirse powdjr. He t^avs it 

 would lie wnrlh S'25 | jrton. 



The ntiliiy of i^rec;. ni iniirinir hy ploii:.'liina in 

 n crop has long heeil icknowledL'ed; and the.-e 

 rotations are some of iho means the liirmer can 

 employ lin- the piiipoa of enri-chin^ his land. 



A praelieal farmer .-tales, as the .result of lii.-< 

 experience, that » crop cf Im-nips, when hinied 

 leaf and rool, will be found superior to alaiosl 

 rmy otien- tiiat can he ohtainrd lor the piupo>a 

 of ploimhiii^' in as a green ernji liir nii'iinre. 



Professor Lii-hi;; sny?: "While the straws of 

 the i>rnin-heaiin>r plants t.ffiird for every ton of 

 frreen crop turned in ahont ihree-qiiarters of a 

 ])omid of aininoiiia, ^een corn slalUs and herds 

 grass iihont live poi::.ds of aiiiinonia per ion, 

 red clover aflhrds .^e. jnteen pounds of aimno- 

 nia per ton. Tuis sh;;v,',s the great value of clo- 

 ver." 



Soms remarlvahlg exoerim^iits iii-ve heen 

 tried rfcenily with '.-ai ions articles of maiiiirf, 

 aiiioni; which may li ; tni'Diioii: d those of !M. 

 Aiilier, ill Friiuce, on poiatoe-'. Ahnndanr i-rops 

 of |Mii.iim-s were t-roivn in iioor clayey soil.s, hy 

 simply .'trewin;; the sets plenlifully v.itli rje 

 chaff previous to covoiiug them with earth at 

 pi iitiii;/. 



Profe.ssor Voelker, cf Germany, covers potato 

 Bets widia layer of tai hark two or three inch- 

 es thick, helore liirniny; the furrow over them. 



Another discovery, said to have heen recently 

 niiide in France, is the foliowin^i-, hy which a 

 ffood crop of wheat, ii id asferied, may heiiliTain- 

 ei!. Tiie !;rain is placed on ihe ground, and up- 

 on it is placed a layer of straw an im-li thick. 

 It is left to urow without cnllnre, and llie pro- 

 diii'ijiin is iihimdant. The siravv [ireserves the 

 inoi>ture of I'le sod, and thus Itu-iliiaies the ah-, 

 sorption of the gas-'tb neces.sary for Ihe lUirinre 

 of the iil«nt. and, s-iowly decayina, furnishes tlnis 

 its necessary food. Tiiis plan mifilit lie p.pplied 

 to wheat, and periiaps cnislit prevent tiie disas- 

 trous effei'is of winter killini;-. 



While many hav- ti:Us been pushini; llieir re- 

 searches into the n^tnre of oiaiinri-s, and their 

 adaptation lo soils and proiluct.s, a German resi- 

 ding; in Vienna, named IJick, is said to have suc- 

 ceeded in raising goo-i crups on poor and sandy 

 land, wiihoiit any irnnure applied to the land. 

 His method is the applicaiion of nuiriiions 

 silhstances to direcdy the seeds themselves, iind 

 hy such a preparaiion Ihe necessity of jinythiuj" 

 further is prevenled. ie has i;iven iin Jiccoiint 

 of his experiments .■mil rfsiills in r. little woik 

 )lnhli^hed in Germany, acconi|)anied hy certifi- 

 cates of the trnili of t! e blatemenls. 



marked that his time had been principally spenl 

 in exploring' the niiiii'ial ores of many diltineiit 

 .•plates — ihal he had found none so rii-ii and so 

 liiviiins as the zinc mines of Warren, and the 

 iron mines of Piermoni — thai in lliose towns he 

 intendiMl to invest a larpe ctipital for the purpose 

 of nianufacti.ring zinc and .sheet iron — that he 

 inleiided to erect 8iicli works as v\-onid produce 

 (i\e tons of zinc ihfdy — lliat there was none of 

 thi.s worked in the U. Siates, vvliat was used heini;: 

 imported — that he intended to inanulacinie very 

 extensively a kiini of sheet iron which was nou 

 imporled 'Vom riustla, .-ind which now costs 14 

 cents per Ih. — .V. H. Gazttle. 



of its consumption. J'ut tlie increa-.ied value of 

 pork, which is ihe result of ihe i.iianufacinre of 

 ]:\vt\ nil,.innu-|ioses here, and hy raisiiij; the jirice 

 of whi.skey, as widi as aii'oiiliu^' a inarki.'t of 

 which thousands will avail lheiiisclve.=, on prin- 

 cipk, checks Ihe supply, as well as (kliiaiid I'or 

 corn, to the (hstilleries. — Cin Jidv. 



Zinc I^Ii.nf.s ly New Haiipshire. — At n re- 

 cent R.ulroad Ccmvchiion at Franklin, Mr. Baker, 

 (or Becker,) now of V. an sii, addressed ihe meet- 

 inj.'. He is a Germr.ii I y hirih, and hud not heen 

 iu tiie couiiiry hut .I'.eiil niiio tnonlliK. lie re- 



Lard Oil. 



Thi^ is a depai'imeut of Western manufactures 

 on which it is hardly possible lo set loo hi.rh an 

 estimate as respects its iinporlance, moral, polit- 

 ical, and pecuniary. If it were only on ilie si-ore 

 of cheapnes-'^ it is deslined lo supplant and su- 

 persede for liidil, entirely in ilie hou.seliold use, 

 anil to a veiy jireat esieiit liir other purposes, all 

 other material.-!. Jl must lake the place, also, tiir 

 llio .same reason, of all oilier oils in application 

 to iiiaehiiiery. 



To folluw ihesuhjecl throu;:ii all iis leadini^s, 

 Would furnish mali-rialsfiir a pamphlet, if nor a 

 volume. ] desigii no luore ihaii to yhuico al -ils 

 most obvious ones. 



lis pecui::iii-i/ bearing. — First,- on the producer, 

 and si-eondl\, oil the consumer, liitheliist res- 

 pect, hy rai^in^ ihe price of p.oik. the raw mate- 

 rial in lilts tiianiifacture, it rai.«es /wvi pnssu, the 

 prii-e of corn — viriiially the raw material of the 

 pork — by incr."asin!i the consiiniptiou, and hid- 

 diii;t on ihe arlide, in (iict, a::idiist the disiiih-r. 

 Iinie,.llien, are two classes of liirineis heiii-tiilcd ; 

 the |iriidiicers of corij and the fateners *if pi'il'. 

 Iiicidenially, the (iiiiiier is bciiefilted also hy the 

 circuiiislaiice thai the article of lard oil is less 

 hazardous iiiid flnclnaiiiii; in ils value than |iork 

 put up (iir fiireisiii market.s. The bacon, ):oik, 

 &c. must he sold ordinarily within llie year in 

 which it is ii aile, oi- it jleleriorates ; it is also ex- 

 posed to damage hy warm and w el weather in 

 the season of piiitiuf^ up, lo ihiiiiafre by sonrins!', 

 and injiiiy by the fly. 'llie jrreatesi care lo-inard 

 !if;ain.-i llie.-«e will .not insure success. As all 

 these hazards and drawbacks enter iiiio the cal- 

 cnlatiiuis of the p<»rk p.acker, llie selh r of the 

 pork has to bear his share — iiidueilly, it is true 

 — of the loss. Lard oil, on the coiilrary, sustains 

 liille odier vari.ation in price ih.ui what roiills 

 ti'oin quality, and will soon settle into an aniele 

 as lefiiilaras wdieal, of which the price will be 

 affected by no other consideration than the ex- 

 tent of the supply. 



As regards ihe consumer, there is not now, 

 ami probably never will be, so cheap ii niaverial 

 for hijhl as lard oil. Gas, liir some purposes. and 

 ill some places is, doiiblies.s, cheaper, and will, of 

 course, in cities, liieieiiKV, -divide the market lo 

 a certain exteiil. But in niosl places, tind fur or- 

 dinary lions. -hold uses every v\ here, lard oil must 

 supersede all oilier means of liulit. 



lis ,,i)li!icrtl brarhigr, will he, first, to destroy 

 the whale fi.-hery, which requires an imii:en>e 

 amount of capital lo c;;rry it on, and afford.s al- 

 way.s a tardy, and fre((tjently an uiireit liii reim- 

 biirsemenl, the voy ees nut imcomiiuinly la.<Iius; 

 three years, and the ships reinrnin^' sotiietimes 

 wiihout c.apinrinj; a sinjie vvliale. I say tioihin;.' 

 of ihe shipwrecks which are more aliinidaiit in 

 lliis description of ve.-seisthaii any oiher, from 

 the re;;iotis in which they adviiMiire. Under the 

 inosl successful circumstances, however, tliev 

 caimol r<uiipeie with lard oil. The eflVct of ail 

 tills is to render ihe w hole Atlantic re^'ion depen- 

 dant on llie West fur the nieatis ol li^hl, in 

 which the entire conntry has heretofore beeiide- 

 liciidaiit on Massaclmset's, ftlaiiie, aiwl Rhode 

 Ishiiid ; aiifi it accelerate.-, in this respect, ilie pro 

 ijress of the West lo its eieiitnal destiny, as the 

 great mamilacturinfr interest of the Ilepiihlic. 



lis mornibcarinv. — Wheat may he ;;ro!nid into 

 floor, and "or snrplii.^, in this shape, isnC a char-, 

 acler portable enmij;|i to be .«eiil to all p.irls of 

 liui world. With ordinary care, also, it lu.'ver 

 spoil..;. .But Indian corn, our areat i:iain sta' le. 

 cannot be expmteil, ^o niucli extent, friun ils 

 L'realer perishable chaivtcter .•iskI lower specific 

 value. To ihe irreat injury <if die public morals 

 and private hajipiness it has been, lliereliire. 

 Wi'ought up extensively into whiskey, as a inuauii 



To CONSOLIDATE UriXE ANI> P.F.T.iI.N THE A M- 

 MONi.i. — The (Idiowln^ is ;in excelleiil uielhod of 

 e.'llucliii;; ihes.disand enseoiis mailers of mine, 

 which 1 have iried myself', and recommended to 

 many of my aiiriculiural iiieuds residing near 

 hirj;e towns or ciiies: — 



Take iiO lueasmes of dry peat and one of 

 ,:riouiid srypsuin, and mix ihem well loL'elher. — 

 PI ice barrels half fu!l of ihi.-; mi.Mi.'re in pl.ices 

 where urine may be collected, and it ivill be 

 found lliat ijie salts and aininoiiia of many bar- 

 rels of urine will be consoliilaled in lids mixture, 

 wiihout giving' tlie sliuhlesl odor, or being in any 

 way ofiTei sive, tiir the sabs are taken tip, and llio 

 carboiiale of ammonia, fiu'ined hy (hicomposing 

 urea, is iuiiuedi.ilely nbsurlivid. 



'i'his inelhod of -ieiiiim ihl of ui'd-wnce and of 

 coiisolidaling a v.ihiable liquid maii'.ire, full of the 

 most iiselid .salts, oii;jhl to receive iiUemioii. A 

 iiiiMine n!' peat or swiiiii|) luiKdi and gypsum, 

 will al.-o serve lo ahso'-b all the disagreeable iias- 

 es of vaiilis, which will he converted inioferlili- 

 /.ingcoinpoiiiids with the sulphuric acid of the 

 gypsum and the organic veijetahle acids of llio 

 uect. Yours respectiidlv, 



C.T.JACKSON. 



Bos!o)i, June, 1, It?-i4. 



DuTTF.R. — The Goshen hiitier, in ihe State of 

 New YoiK, is c<.debraled all/iver the .■■fiuiiiry, and 

 llie lollowjiig acciinnt is given of one of ihe 

 most celebrated ilairies there. The cows are 

 ■•rsgiilaily .<alleil and kept in good pasttnediiriiig 

 the summer; Iu the winier, each cow is kepi ill 

 a slall, with a separate <loiir to ii, in a building 

 iwosidesof a square, round a large -yard; the 

 upper siory of ilie building; is approprialed lor 

 loUder and hay. The cuws are hroiiglit up lo 

 the jard idj;ht and morning, and regularly milk- 

 ed, j he outer paling of the yard is 50 U-el from 

 IJiR hiiiise^ here, oppiisile the liiiiii house, is plac- 

 ed a luniiel, iiilo which llie milk is poured as fiist . 

 as a pail full is obtained fn.iii the cows. A short 

 perpeudicid-.r lin pipe comiecls the Mmucd willi 

 .1 hoiiziinlal one which i.- bnritd two leil onder 

 grouuil out of the wa\ of the Irosl, and leial... in- 

 to ihe i:ellar of the h.oii.-f. Whejithe niilKing is 

 eoing on, a woman stands iu the cellar widi sup- 

 ply pans pi, iced iiiidei the end of Ibis hoiizonlal 

 lube, which, as fa.-l as lided, she sets away on the 

 cellar liot!iuii. Here the milk stands till loppertd 

 ,-md soured, as it is said lo make more biitier 

 in ihis stale than any olher, and ol' U'ller .fjualiiy. 

 In Ibis slate it is ponied, lU'eam, iii-jl all, into 

 churns whirb hohl a barrel each. If the weath- 

 er he colli, and the milk noi sofiicienily warm in 

 j^oitie re.;dil^. a can is filled with hot VMiIer, and 

 lids is placed in the milk iu the churn, and slirr- 

 ed ahoiii liil it reaches a leniperatnre of 55 to (iO 

 degrees." Wali r power is prelened I'or clinrii- 

 iiiir lo any other, as it is more regi-lai. "When 

 die buuer has come, llie piiweris sloppwl, and a 

 pump rigged into die cliiu n ; the haiulle of w hicli 

 is ■•illached to the power, aid the hiilteriiiilk 

 pllmped into a reser\oii just outside of the cel- 

 lar, standing' on a level with the groiiiid. f"r<^« 

 this the btiiiermilk is coudiieied liy a tin pipe or 

 about ICO leet in another ri'servoir close hy the 

 piggery lioiii which it is dipped out iu hnckcts, 

 and led lo the pigs. Alter being churned, iho 

 liiilter is ihoroughly wa.-hed with cold water; 

 if this he mil done, il is difficult logct the hnlter- 

 inilk clean out of ir. As soon as coid iiiid solid, 

 the butter is lakeu on a inarhle or snn.olh stone 

 table, pro|K'rfy s.ilii'd with clean, fioe sail, and 

 worked over iboi-oiigbly -vvilh a wooden hulle or 

 snaiijla — The baiiil never being alhiwcd lo touch 

 the buiter, us from ils heal, it solti-iis il." Alter 

 heiug ihorou'ildy worked, the butter is placed in 

 firkins of seasoned while oak. The firkin, pre- 

 v'hius to, packing, is well wash'ed wlihcohl water 

 and ihcir ridibed all around with salt, lo prevent 

 (he butler iwiliering to its sides. It is piil down 

 ill layers as churned, 3 or 4 inches deep. 



When the firkin is ftlleil, a linen cluih is plac- 

 ed over the top of the hiilter, on this, half an 

 inch of irfilt; lo whicli is adui-d a litilo water, to 



