m 



^l)c i'ainici's iHcnthln biriiior. 



Stf.aii I'owEn. — A pint of water may be 

 evapoitilcd dy two ouiiccs nl" ri>,ils. In lliis 

 evii|H)niii()ii it swills into iil(> fj.illons of sieiini, 

 witli !i inpcliiMiiciil I'orce siiiiii-ieiit lo raise ii 

 weij;lit (if lliiiiy-srveM Ions a Tout liit;li. The 

 stetiiM tliiis prodnrid li.is :i piessMiv equal to lliat 

 of cuiiiiKoii aiiiio-|iliL-iie air; luul, l>y allowing 

 •it to e.\|jan(l, liy virliie oT i-lasliriiy, a liiriliei- riie- 

 cliani<Ml llnee may lie olitaineil, at least equal in 

 uniount t» llie lunner. A |iint of water, tliere- 

 fore, ami two onnees of eoal, are thus rendered 

 capaMe of doin;^ as miu-h work as is equivalent 

 to seventy-fonr tons raised a fool high. 'J'lie cii- 

 <.'Hinsianee3 nnder which the sleani-engine is 

 worked on a railway ai e not favoruhle to the eeon- 

 oniy of fuel. Nevertheless, a pound of coUe. 

 Iiiirned in u locomoiive en>,'ine, will evaporate 

 alioiit five pints of water. In llu'ir evaporation 

 they will exert a iiieehanical i'orce sufficient to 

 dr;iwtwo Ions wi ijiht on the f.-iilway a distance 

 of one mile in two niiiintes. Four liorses W(jrk-' 

 ingin a .stage coach on .'i eniniiicn road are nec- 

 essary to thaw Ihe same weight the same dis- 

 tance in six minutes. 



A.MEKiCAN MA>t;FACTURF.RS — Clark's Bank 

 Note List for June, says all the esiahlishmenls 

 for huihling cotton machinery, have orders ahead 

 for twelve to twenty-four nmnths. 



With a constantly increasing exi'ort trade in 

 the coarser fahrics (which all the world com- 

 liined camiot take from ns.hccause we can sell the 

 cheapest) we are rajiidly acciumdaling strength 

 mid .'■kill to enahle us to compete successfully in 

 quality a.s well as in price, with llie oldest estah- 

 lishments of England and France, in their finest 

 and mcst costly productions. Persons who have 

 given this sulij"cl hut little attention, have really 

 no idea with wh.it dispatch and exaiTnevs we 

 irniiare any thing new in pattern and style of 

 cotioi) or woollen, which is got up on the oilier 

 side. 



A correspondent of the Hartford Coutant thus 

 relates one of his TU)tes of travel ; 



" 111 returning to Hariford I passed thfotigli 

 East Windsor, one of the richest towns in Con- 

 necticut. The faiiii lioyses are spacious, and 

 the grounds ahont them are generally tastefully 

 arranged. This town is famous for the large 

 ainoiinl of tohacco whicdi is raised within its 

 borders. Last year more than 500 tons were 

 jirndnced. It sold liir over §.50 a Ion — tl.ns 

 bringing in more than S25,0C0. Li five or six 

 adjoining tonus there is also a great deal of to- 

 bacco raisRil. Within a circumference of 25 

 miles there is piohahly not les.s ilian 2500 tons 

 sold ammally. .'Viid the tobacco is good — heller 

 for cigar wrappers than that from the Souih." 



Iliiy Jlakiiij. 



We thiid; it best lo cut grass for bay, as near 

 as ]iossihle to ihe titne when il is in fullest bloom. 

 Of course, if ii is cut w hen most of it is in this 

 stale, some may he a little |iast, and .some may 

 not have qnile reached liill bloom. \\ e know 

 there has heretofore heeii some difierence of opin- 

 ion as to llie slage'grass should he in when il is 

 cut, hut ue believe the experience of the best 

 farmers is in agrei.menl with the position above 

 assumed. Those who are in the habit of curing 

 herbs, cut llieni when in this stage, because it is 

 known that they contain at that time ihe most of 

 that peculiar principle from which they derive 

 their efticaiy and value. 'J'he saccharine or su- 

 gru" prini-iple, which constitutes one of the chief 

 sources of liuiriment in herbage, is linind in ihe 

 greatest quantity al the period of bloom. It may 

 sometimes be I'XpedienI to cut grass belore it has 

 reached this state ; parlicMlarly where it tails 

 down, and is in dan>.ier ol' souring or rolling. — 

 When this happens, ii should be c'ut, whtilever 

 state il may be in, because if it remains on the 

 ground it will spoil, and the fermentalio'.i which 

 takes place will destroy the roots. Another great 

 advanlaire in culling grass before the seed iiirms. 

 i.s that the roots are not so much exhausled, and 

 the after <:rowlli is much more vigoroii.*. 



Li some p;uls of the country, il is the |iraclice 

 to mow the ^r.iss and let il lie untouched on the 

 ground, " through sunshine and shower," for sev- 

 eral (lays before il is stacked or put in the barn. 

 It is (|nite common to begin Monday and con- 

 tinue lo mow till Saturday, wlien m illi hand-rakes 

 and horse-rakes, all turn in, take it up ami stack 



it; and this is done too, wilhont much regard to 

 ibe slate of ihe weather at the lime it is raked, 

 or to what it may have been alter il was cut. — 

 'I'lie appearance of ihe ai'iliials which are fed on 

 hay ihus managed, is evidence enough of its 

 worlhle.-sness. 



After grass is cut and partly dried, it ought 

 never to be exposed to ilew or wet. The best 

 way IS lo spruail out the mown grass evenly, as 

 soon as the wet has driid ofl' lioin the spaces lie- 

 iween the swalhes, and beline the dew bills in the 

 evening, lake it and pui it in cock. Where the 

 crop is heavy, coiisiilerable lime will he gained 

 in making, by this plan, lf.il is only willed when 

 it is pill in I'ock, il will in a short time undergo 

 a sweat, which will nmcli facilitate its making 

 when it is again opened to the sun. Many gooil 

 limners believe that it will make more in two 

 d.ijs, if il is kept in cock iwelve boms, ihan it 

 will make in three days without being put in 

 cock. 



In making: clover hay, we are decidedly in fa- 

 vor of nol exposing it much lo ihe sun alter it is 

 first wilted. We speak liom experience, having 

 practiced various modes, and we are cerlain that 

 il may be made with less labor, and lliat it is of 

 liu' superior quality whiui cured in cock, than in 

 any other way. When ihe swathes are a liltle 

 willed, pitch liieni into cocks— laving it up in 

 such a matiiier that it will slaiiii Ihe weather, 

 which is easily done by the exercise of a little 

 care. Examine the hay lidin day to day to see 

 how the process of curing advances, and v\lieu 

 it seems to be so well niaile that with what il 

 will diy in handling, it will do to put in the barn 

 or stack, inrn over the cocks, loosen np the bot- 

 toms a liltle with a fork, and proceed to load il. 

 Clover hay ihns cured, is not likely lo heat in 

 the mow or stack, and liom having every leaf 

 and head saved, will be liiuiid lo be very ijulii- 

 lious and much relished by all the animals. In 

 liicl, we lii-lieve thai clover hay, | roperly cured, 

 will make more flesh, milk, or biilier, than any 

 oilier bay, ponml fur pound. The prejudice 

 against clover has arisen Iroin the bad manner 

 of curing it. Knocked about as it freipieiilly is, 

 wei and dried by turns, it loses iis leaves and 

 heads, and becomes little else than a mass of 

 tasteless stems, which no animal will eat. — ,ilba- 

 ny Cultivator. 



" Clater S," YonnlCs Cattle Doctor, with i.iinifrows 

 atlilitions l.y .1. S. Ski.nwer, ussislunt Post-.yus- 

 icr-Gencral, i)C. Lea S,- D'.unehurd, Philadtl- 

 phia." 



'J'hls is one of the best works of the kind that 

 has ever been published, ami we do not hesitate 

 to recommend it to every larnier. By consulting 

 its pages he will be able to manage his slock in 

 all cases better than would be done by the ignti- 

 raul cow-leechts to whom the treatment ot the 

 diseases of our domestic animals is geiierally 

 enirusted. Atleiiiion lo llie diseases of domes- 

 tii! animals is a subject very much, iiay, crimiiiat- 

 l.'l neglected in this country. In the language of 

 Air. SKinner, in llie preface to his work, " 'I'o say 

 iiothiug of the duty which common hnmaniiy 

 enjoins on every one, to be prepared wiili com- 

 mon medicines, and ilireclions fur the use of 

 them, whicli may enable him to extend prompt 

 relif f lo speechless suffering ; on the sordiil ?core 

 of self-interest alone, ihe most calcnlatiuff, it may 

 be supposed, will not hesitate to provide himself 

 with a hook which in teaching him lobe his own 

 'Cattle Doctor,' may enable him to save ihe lile 

 even of the meane.-t animal on the estate." 



To the original work of Cl.iler and youalt, 

 Mr. Skinner las made extensive additions, and 

 among these is a valuable essay on the \i:^e and 

 management of oxen, and an interesting paper 

 on Sheep Husbandry ; he has also increased the 

 value of Ihe work by numerous illiislraiions 

 which are not conlaimd in the English woik. — 

 The vol. (250 p. )2 mo.) is got up in good stvle, 

 and sold at the low price of fifty cents.' — Albany 

 Cultlviitor, 



From llie New Kngl.Tnd Fiinner, 

 Tillage of the Corn Crop. 



".Man is a creaime of habit." O'ice firmly 

 wedded lo a cu^lum, good or btid, and Icii chan- 

 ces lo one that he adheres to it through life. — 

 'I'liis reuiaak, true of all, is peculiarly so in re- 

 spect to Ihe fanners' customs in llie ciihure of 

 the eaiih and its iirorinctions. The practices 



which they have long followed ihey are not dis- 

 posed to exchange liir other.*, however high may 

 lie their pretensions lo siiperioiil^ — and in no 

 case is this propeiisiiy more slrikmgly e.xeinpli- 

 fieil, than in ihe nielhods pursued in llic culture 

 of Ihe corn crop. 



While all the wiilers for llie agrii-iillural press, 

 without an exceplion loour knowledge, discoim- 

 temince and decry the praclices of hilling and 

 li!>ppiiig corn, and most of Ibein the cnslom of 

 mutmring in Ihe hill—and nolw itiistaiiding all 

 llial lias been saiil and wrilleii againsl these prac- 

 lices — slid nineteen-lweniielhs of our fiiiiiieis 

 pridnibly adopt and fiillow these methods, in the 

 helietl no doubt, that ihey aie the best, or fiom a 

 deep-rooti'd dismclinalioii to adopt mw modes 

 instead of the old and tried oiies which were 

 salisljicioiy lo ilieir faihers,anil with vvhieli there- 

 fore, they are content. 



But u is not our intention at this time, to at- 

 tempt an exposition of Ihe impolicy of eiiher of 

 the above named praclices in the management 

 (d'the corn crop. If what has already been said 

 on that subject by others has failed to produce 

 conviction, ice may well despair of adding any 

 ihing fnrlher thai coidd piodme il, since far abler 

 and more experienced pens have labored, time 

 and iigaiiijfiir the same end. 



What we intend to speak of at the present 

 lime in connection with ihe tillage of ihe corn 

 crop, is Ihe stirriiiir of the soil dining ihe growth 

 of the crop, an (dijeii whose utility has not as 

 vet been duly appreciated by our liirmers, and 

 whose importance can hardly be over-rated. 



In the report of ihe supervisor id" the Plymouth 

 Co. Agricultural Society, (Hon. Alorrill Alien, i re- 

 cently published in our page.*, is this remark, in 

 reference to the tillage of corn : "The plough 

 should never e men he field al'ler ihe fiiwt hoeing." 

 'Ihe reasons on which this advice is based, are 

 sound and lenable, so liir as they reli'r lo llie ill- 

 judged practice of running the plough in every 

 row, and thus injuring the roots, and as a conse- 

 quence, the crop. Kill let a plough be used, 

 iciVA the coulter alone, in ereiy other row, running 

 as deep as practicable ; and let this be done in 

 any sla^e of the growth of the corn, when it may 

 be enihingered by lack of moiiliire. Will not 

 more benefit accrue to the crop ti-oui this opera- 

 tion than injury by ciiitin;; the roolson one side.' 

 One who has iried this course asserts that it will 

 enable corn to stand unharmed any drought 

 which is likely to occur, while I iiid in corn not 

 ihiis stirred, will be unable lo sustain the crop. 



'•Stir the ground eight inches deep, (sa\ s ihe 

 .same aiitlioriiy,) and the corn will stand and 

 grow during a three w eeks' di ought ; siir il twelve 

 or fourteen inches deep, with a coulter plough, 

 and llie crop will grow every day during a six or 

 seven weeks' drought." This plan we think wor- 

 thy of trial. 



The practice of ploughing in every row after 

 llie roots have begun to spread, is ohjeciionablo 

 indeed, and Mr. Allen very justly censures it in 

 his report above mentioned; lint it would seem 

 thai the practice above recommended, while it se- 

 cures the crop a larixe share (d" the .idvaiilaL'e of 

 deep-stirriii!i, is nol obnoxious lo ihe objeclion 

 brought against the oilier, of severing or lacera- 

 ting the roots cin both sides of the row. 



In an article on Ihe tillage of criqis in vol. x.x. 

 No. 48 of Ibis paper, by its former editor, Mr. 

 Puliiain, are the following suggestions, which we 

 deem worthy of repetition. We have adopted 

 in our own practice this season, with some crops, 

 Ihe plan recommended by Mr. Eliot in Ibe cul- 

 ture of carrots : 



"The ground should be oflen stirred, but how ? 

 Shall we run the pluiigh or cultirator, or harrovT 

 deep, and loosen the eailh as liir down as we 

 can.' or shall we merely scralidi the surf ice ? — 

 In years past we have maint.-iiiied that it is iin- 

 purtant to spare Ihe roots of the growing corn; 

 and have preli;rred using a light horse-harrow 

 to anj oilier implement ; anil uiir course has hi-en 

 successful. But it does not follow liom ibis that 

 we niay nol do better. 



" Wiien reading' last year the es-ays n[ion hus- 

 bandry, by 15ev. Jared Eliot, piihlislied in 1747, 

 we were much impressi'd by a statement there 

 made in regard to the effects of pecnli.ir lill.ige 

 iipfUi the carrot crop. This was raised without 

 manure. The rows were put wide apart, and 

 soon afier the )ilants came up, the earth was 

 ploughed away Iroin tlietn, the plough running 



