98 



^\)t laxnuxs ilIonil)ltj Visitor. 



■ t" ' " ' j i 



Idiilt iii.'!ir Loiiiloi), ill UiSi; bm it w;is ileinolisliwj 

 soon iillerwiirtis, iliiil il miulit not !« a mtiiua of 

 ile|iiiviiij> the poor oC ('iii|pl(iyiii(,-iit. Anoiil ii 

 ceiiliirv tiller, II luiuicli oi' llii- Wiik IJiiililiii^Com- 

 Jiuiiy iiiuile liMsii': |iiii(liiii.es ol (iiiie tiniliei-, eieo- 

 leil mills, iiiul iiilro.liict il vnrioiiH iiii|Moveiiicmi? 

 in Itie iiiiiiiiiliiriiiri! 1111(1 J'-rt'L^jiormiioii ot' kiniber. 

 Hilt the |PO|iiiliir lii'fliiif; ai;^iiiisi iiiiicliiiie-Kiiuis 

 was still .Nlioni!. A siiw-inill set iip iit Liintilioiisp, 

 near the year 17u'!?, was lit-sliciytd liv a moli.— 

 The first hiiilt in Mkw EiijjUiiiil — .iiKrvi ry W'.itly 

 in America — was? iit " Atfameliiii-o,"* in ;Mame, 

 in !633, or the ji^sir IciIIdu n,;;, midcr the (iireLiimi 

 ol' Sir Feriuiinhi Gi(ij;l.~. "Ist^iuover iii> m.ii," 

 says iliLi Lord P.-.laiiiic, " aiaj my iicjihL'W, Ca|.l. 

 Vi illiaiii Goi;;(.-.<, mIio Ii.-kI hetii iny lic-utenaii! i>i 

 the Ibit 111' PiynioMlli, rt uli sun o otlir-r rralt:!iiioii, 

 ibr the bmlcling of iKni.stjs aiifi erei-lm^ ot' saw- 

 liiills" 1 he iic,\t, (iiohabiy, were on the Pisrul- 

 iiqiia, as tiie s-eiih^is ;htre hu<i one or more in 

 tn 01 ion as e:iily a.s JCiO; at which tiiiie, iliidre 

 were no frrist-inills, uid l!,e liiinlieiers [iroi-iired 

 their bread-stiifti on jiarcd lor hakiH", either }!>o*h 

 England or \'irf.'ii'i;.i. The liist mill in Mas.-a- 

 oliuselts, see«i.s to have Iwen thai on the Neponfel. 

 in i)f)ri-hetiter, in ItyS; but wbi'iher it was bnilt 

 I'or ^.'riiidiii;; or i-a" in;;, cannot be a.-ceriaineil, — 

 The 



f<«Mheir o^^ n Use, at " Iwelie ptiice the h lied I advantages and success ; that, in a |iarliciilar luan- 



liiider (irice ciirienl." Aiiolher i.erson, at ihe ner, cheniislry ban, in a measure, been crealeil 



same [ilace, wa.- ii ijidred to |.uy " l^niy ^llillill 

 rent, asatav to .sii|i),uit i'ort Loud, at F.dmonili ;" 

 aird H third had his Ti-ffTiest ):ianled, by |inyiii^'"a 

 yearly rent <d' lilty »>liiliini;s-," ami alh)i>iiii; •■ the 

 iiihabiiaiils to saw their own boaulsai the liaUes." 



The eX'ilerience of the Old World is Cull ofad- 

 iiioiiiiion, and should not I e. hist i;|ion lis. The 

 momitaiiis of Lebanon, to which Solomon sent 



within ihe last hiilf century ; and thai it |ironii.~e« 

 In render llie most essential aid to a.i:i irnltiire.— 

 Kxceiiiinjr, however, the stiitmhia wbicli it has 

 everywhere ;;iveii to inquiry and ohseivalinn, and 

 the exact e.\|ieriments which il is |)i oitijrtiiiu; lar- 

 niers — even in the Inimblent de|iaiimenls of af;ri- 

 cnlinre— to make, it cannot as \et point to nianv 

 practical triumphs. San.iinine as I am, in cum- 

 iii'Mi with others, in iis application to a;rriciillnie, 

 his "toiir!=core thousand hewers" have been loiifr j idtimalelv and perhaps npeedily vieldiii'; the most 

 stripped of li.eir beautiful " cedars." 'I'lie period | bei:eticia'! frnils, il liiis not yet even iinpToacbed a 

 is not very remote since pines were so abnndant I sohilion of many of Ilie prolbnnd secrets of na- 

 in Great IJriiain, that a woodman could proeiiie line. \\'heilier this triumph is ever to beacliievrd 

 llie iifilit to useasinijle axe in cnttinjd iheiii down, by human saj.'»clly ; vvheiiier, w iih onr jiresent 

 lor less than one dollar a year ; and, not twoceii- facidties, we are "capable of enlerinjr into these 

 t'lrtesani! a Iralf airo, wood «us the common liiel j deep mysteries, and ol iil'linv' up even a conar of 

 in inosi fi;!r;sf.f !£n^Iaii<l. In Queen Elii'abelh's ; li.e veil" «bich llea\en has'drawn over diem, it 

 time, it IS siiid that f^paiii sent over a special am- \ would be idle to conjecture ; but ibev are, as vet 

 bassa.lor, (diar-red with the duty id' procnrin;;, by | a sealed book to us. In the spirit of" the book of 

 iiegoliatioii or treai bery, the destriiclion oi' oak I books, "let lis wait at wisdom's {.'ates, let ns 

 trees in the celeliraled lorest of Ueaii. Ho\\ev(r j «alch at liie posts of her doors;" let ns' knock, 

 this may he, the oak.s disappeared by improvi- ; earnestly hopin;; that they may be opened tons. 



'J'hose who have (.'one before us have done the 



deuce during' the civil war.s. VVilhiii one liiiii- 

 died and fifty years, a consideiable part of the 

 delated regions of the north of Ireland wascov- 



■ earliest f,irsa« iii.e.-u ihe cutmiV ol fly mouth I eied with idnes, of which hardly a vesti-e now 

 wesnpimse lo have been on the lien iiif. brook, j remains. A forest set apart for" the royal navy, 



'y I couiained, at the end of a century, on'v oue-lenln 



, -, ■ - lie jiart of the limber which Ihe oliicers in the care 



ontbef-aco assoouastheycar ltJ5i,aiirlonemi!of it reported at its comm.-ncement ; nor was 

 Mill • '" - ...... 1 . . 



Scitiiiile, erected in Jb.jt), anil lieslroved twenf, 

 years afterwaixJs by the iiidiaiis. 'I'bere u.as i 



.same, and were favored wiili niaiiy hir(;esses, 

 which they have bi'qiiealheil to tin ir cliilcireii. — 

 Let Its do them justice by yraielully ackiiow ledji- 

 iiig our debt totlnni ; and nol wrap ourselves up, 

 as we are very li.ible to do, in the vain con- 

 ceit that they knew nothin;;, and that we know 

 evervihiiiir. 



ts of the IVIuchias, before i //,>._ 



The enrions terms aniiexeiJto " .H-bcrtie" to 

 inake boards aiH p'laiiteshy waKM, iiithe i.ldeii 

 time, are well worth a momenrs aiiention. In 

 Ihe •.'rant of the " townsmen of Saco," U. Roger 

 Sjiencer, it was stipulated, ihat he shoidd binkl 

 his mill .viijiin a ye.-.,-. -hat all ll 

 should have boriles t.-.idve pence in a imndred 

 cheap; r lhaii«my si.ai.eer.," ami that Ihe iuhhs- 

 inenwho^oidd "«orke^ rii erecw'iur th-e mill 

 "a.-i cheap as a stranger," should have the preler- 

 ence. In a .s«J)secriient jriatit id another person, 

 much II!" .^T(!ire cwKliitnus are iin|iii.sed, and the 

 lurther on-, that the ijraiitee should hnv his pro- 

 visions of lowiismen at " price cinrent," rather 

 than of oil.crs. The <-(Miilitioris required by the 

 p.opleof Sciliiate, ill ijood "old Ph mouth," we 

 will si'we as tht y stand upon the record. 



'•At a full town meeiimt of lim town of Sciiu- 

 ale, November lOlh, ll55(), fi-ee liberly was this 

 day ci-aiited to any man or men of ilip town to 

 set up a saw-mill upon the ihird lierrnifr brook, 

 as near the North river us conveniently it may 

 be, on lhe.se coiidiiions, n«,„elv ; that in case an\ 

 of the townsmen <lo brins ■•my tw.dier inio ih"e 

 null to be .sawed, the owners of the mill shall 

 saw It, whether it be for boards or plank, before 

 they saw any of ibeir luci limber. ;-,ii<1 diev er- 

 to have the one hall 'l.r si.win;.' of the oil, er half 

 And in case any man of the louii. ihat doih not 

 brin^'niiy iimher to I'a- mill lo bi: sawvri, shall 

 want any boards liir '-s own p.iriicnlar us,, the 

 owner of the mill sh.- !l srM him hoards for his 

 own use, so many as be shall need, I'or ihc coun- 

 try pay, at three shillings and six p,.,,,.,. „n lum- 

 dred mch,<=a«n; hnt in case ihe men of Ihe ton n 

 do not .supply .he mill v.itb limber to keep it ai 

 work, the owners of ,|... „,ii| ..|,,,|| ,,,„.^ m,^,.,, 

 to n.iike use of any tind er upon the common, tu 

 saw lor Iheir benefit. The .=ai.l .siw-mill to he 

 I'mlt within three months from this date; olhei- 

 wise, this Older to b,- \ ml." 



At Taunton, on Ihe propo.sal to erect n mil! 

 here, liberty was tiiie,, on the condition thai it 

 ^liR not (oniid hurtl'i' to the f.'ri.-n-iiiili." Ai 

 Cape porpoise, a ro-vn meeiimr -ave the ri"lit n 

 set lip a saw, provided it was done "wiibiii six- 

 teen momhs, mde.ssp.evei.ied by war;" and lb, 

 •ippncai.t Inrnished his townsmen with liimbe: 



" T'.e ni:cient r.Ani» or' V -(; 



». I7l)j.ii. ! v.iil ■„ a year iter tlie fir.t graul a'f had ard 

 ni b-8ites east at tl.e I'eri.L.cot. 



Hit imuiense mroi^ds tire ■made on the woods 

 from.year to war, bt'ciiti.se sbe cuts fmni her lor- 

 es'ts not only limber, but nearly all her liiel. Ol 

 ibe noithern naiion.s, it js iiece.-sary only lo re- 

 mark, that they areilie itii4e|-s ■of tar and provi- 

 ders ot' timber fur Knjilaiid, and such oilier pow- 

 l"w;isw!eii i ers as have heconie iuiporlers of fji^ luiicjes uiice 

 abuiMJalit at iioiiie. 



Thill ill America, — a coiintr, of stmiips and 

 iie»ly ch.-ared lands, — appreheiis'rons sbui.ld he 

 expressed, as to onr capabiliiy of lurnishin;,' our- 

 selves v.rrh limber in all ctmiinj; time, will excite 

 a smile on the Dices of many. Be it so. John 

 .(ay, a man as wise as the wisest, and as f;oiid as 

 the best, ibiis wrote lo \Viishin,:;lon, more than 

 filiy years a>:o. "There is .some reason to appre- 

 hend that masts and si. ip timber will, iis ndtiva- 

 lioii advances, become scarce, unless some mea- 

 sures I)? taken lo prevent 4-lii>ir Waste, or iuovid.- 

 for llie preservation of a sidiicienl fluid of boib." 

 .\nd this pas.sa^'e has ihe miup weii:ht, since it 

 occurs in a Inter devoted In the su;.'i;esnii|i td' 

 ilieysures necessary to be broivt^bt forsv mil Ibr ihe 

 jjood of 't'oe coiinti v.— .V. .'imericon Ilevieu; .iDril 

 184.4. ' /- • 



Science aiva A^iiculture. 



There is a spirit of liheral inquiry abroad in re- 

 S(iecl in ;.L'rirulliiie, hlazinj: in ihe valleys, and 

 beainiii;; fron the hill lop.s, and everywhere dif- 

 lusiiii; an invi^oralin:.', a slirrin^, ami a lieallhtid 

 radiance. One of ibe -wisest of our race, wim 

 applied iiis heart, as he says, to nndersiand wis- 

 dom, has told us that there is noiliin;.' new imder 

 ihe sun: what is. has been; and the linmaii mind 

 is not likely lo spriiii.' j^uddeiily a mine of triitti, 

 which has never before been touched; nor mav 

 it expect at once to accompli.-h the soliiiiiui o'l 

 recondite problems, which have baffled the most 

 penetratinjr and puzzled the most sairacious 

 niiials. It wonliH-ie-the ijrossesi injiislice lo many 

 n.eii of ihe hripluest powers, of prohiniid invcs". 

 ii;;:.lioii, iind id' most_ liberal and disifileresled 

 view>-, who, ihon;;h they have i;oiie out, have left 

 ■1 brilli;:M trari; behind theiii — ,o .s-ay lliat aL'iiciil- 

 Inial science ha^ never beiore b.?eii prosecuted 

 wiihzeal, intelli;,'eiice, and in llie sjiirit of true 

 philo.<opby. 



1 am not a believer in the immediate approncb 

 <'* an intellpclual millennium: nor can f pi rsiiad.- 

 mysi If iliat philosophy has just been born into 

 'laMVorld, and thiit all precediiijr ii^jes were iiues 

 of comparative barbarism. It is Irue that the 

 eatural 6cieuc"tiif« DOW prosecuted with singular 



this ies|iect, chemistry, botany, and niechaiiics are 

 sciences; hut science, in an ndarfied sense, is 

 tlieobservalion of iialnre — the accnmnlalioii and 

 comparison of' fiicls, and the dednciion of infer- 

 ences from them.eiiher lor the acquisition ofinore 

 kiiowlediie, or liir practical applieaiion and use. 

 I velilnre lo assert thai, wiilioui any knowhdga 

 of the parlicniar and lechliical h^rms of an, whose 

 iitiliiy I am not disposed in liiesiiiHllest de;;|-ee lo 

 deny, wherever li.e mind is at work iheie is sci- 

 ence: mid many men, who hardly know the let- 

 ters of a book, are yet profound observers of tui- 

 tnre, and may be denoiniiiaied scientific ajiriciil- 

 turists ; because ihey are full of know led;re,which 

 they are constantly applyin;; to practice. Now, 

 wiihnnt any dispara'ieiiient of former times, I 

 think il miisl be adinilled thai the nniver.sal mind 

 of Ibe ai'riciihiiral world was never so power- 

 fully stirred as it is at this present time. We 

 must do what we can lo keep it aiMike imd to di- 

 rect the applieaiion of iis powers. " Practice 

 wiih science" is the terse and con prehensive mol- 

 1T of the Royal Acricnitural Society of Eiifilarid. 

 Philosopby now comes down fiom her bi^jli pla- 

 ces and takes labor by the hand, that jhey may 

 walk loueiher anion;; the works of God, and 

 with an eiiliubiened and comineiiilable cnriosiiy, 

 "search inio the causes of tliiiit;.s." This is tlio 



highest office of the hiiiiiaii uuderslatldiiig. 



Caiman's .l^rxcullural Tour. 



A Scene or Violence, Confusion a.nd Dan- 

 ger. — Quite an exciieiiient, whnh mi>.'ht almost 

 have been conslrued into a riotous demonstra- 

 tion, oicnrred about the nei;.'hborhood of Balti- 

 more and (Jay .strcet.s, yesterday aliernooii, w liicli 

 was kept up lor iietir an hour, iioiv\ iihsiandiiig 

 the presence of his Honor the Ulayor and the po- 

 lice of the city. Hrickliats, lops of wooil, and ev- 

 ery imaeinahle mi.ssile, were fly in;; about in ail 

 ilirections. and as the crowd flevv to the risrht 

 and left lo avoid the chari.'es made upon them 

 with Ihe firinj; bricks, stones and sticks of wood, 

 from behind carls and all kinds of temporary 

 fortre.c.ses, we iuia;L;iued we had before lis a iidii- 

 iatore edition of the Philadelphia riots. How 

 or where this outbreak oriuinati d we are not in- 

 ti>rmed, lint lie first \ve saw of it was the lajiid 

 fliuht of a mad bull down Gay slreet, fcdlowed 

 by about two hundred equally mad ireii and boys, 

 ihrowiiifr stones unri bricks after him, for the 

 purpose, it is piesnined, of lurther irritaiiiif; him. 

 When he arrived in front of Christ Church, 

 havin(j coaie to the conclusion that "paliei!C« 



