100 



^l|c jTarmcv'ri iUoull)ln luriitor. 



tlie iiail cows, 'cuiise iiiilHidy will Imy lliein. So 

 I kei'ps tliciii well uuil oh ;iiis tliuiii vciy iiic(',iiiul 

 iiiiikes lliiMi) very liU aiul liis;: hikI ulieii the lillle 

 dill-- collies, 1 gives ilieiii iill iliu milk, timl iliey 

 glow (at and li j; ; aii'l llirii toy iieiylihois ooiifcs 

 ill liie i>|)rii|i; ami wants to liiiy llieir cows aiiiiiit, 

 fur they j;ot the jzntfa and no rows to eat it ; and 

 sol sells tlietii llieir own cows tor 20ilollarsa 

 pitce, and somelime.- tliiity or (i)i'ty ; liiit J kecjis 

 llie call's, 'cause I wants tlieiii lor the hiitc.lier, — 

 And so I sells my tiei;;liliois iheii own cohs aL'ain, 

 but I gels all Ihe dunft'- and aslliev ;iels no dmii; 

 they (iet lu; crops; while 1 t'eis all the diiii^', uiid 

 tlie crops, and the |/rotil loo!'' 



Alessrs. Editors, when I hear my lieifihlmrs rii- 

 quire what course they shall ail()|,t, so as not to 

 tiillow exactly in ihc path vshicli others are pnr- 

 siiiiio;, 1 ihiiili of my old German friend who 

 " <;ets the diiiiL', the iiops, and the profit loo," and 

 nni led to ask, if then' he any objection to the 

 |jlan here pointed out. 



Corn Buf.ad. — A correspondent of the H'esi- 

 em ('iiltiviitoi: wriiin;.' over the sijjnatnreof "Cohj- 

 171 Polity," fives the folloui.^g recipe fur nuikinj; 

 " good corn hread ;" 



" Well, I was fioiiii! to tell your feinaie readers 

 how I make good corn hread, as I think, wlieii 

 well made, it is tin; liest hicad eaten, and the 

 liealthiesl, arid the mn-.i^eiierali) likeil., Bi'sidcs. 

 cousin (excuse me for this liimiliarii}, liir I wrote 

 it doivii liefote I tli(iiij;lil, and allh<iu^di this rela- 

 tionship (Iocs in (iict exist. \et we never had the 

 pleasure of a personal acipiaintance,)ynii know, 

 soiuo seasons, that when the wheat crops tiiil, we 

 poor folks arc obliged to use u jireal deal of this 

 article. 



"Well, to the snhject.— Tal;e as mncli corn 

 ireal as yon wisli to cook, scahl it well, hy puiir- 

 in^' htiilin^' water over it and stiriiiif; it ihoronjili- 

 ly ; then mix it tothe consisiency of haitei, with 

 milk — if it is pret;y rich it won't hurt it ; hot 

 nniiid the mixing nan, that it is tli<.roii:;ly tSone, 

 the more the heller. Put in one e;;;.'. a leaspoon- 

 fnl of sala^ratns, and a lahle-spoonlnl or more of 

 lard. ]\lix the whole ihoronrlily touelher, lil! 

 the incredients are cnlii< ly inc<irporaled thronjili 

 the whole — mind I ^ay the mi.xinj:, the more (!«! 

 lietti-r. It is now to be baked as iioijal, iibont 

 three quarters of an hour, and yuii will have the 

 finest corn hread voii ever eat." 



From the Amprir.-iii F.-inacr. 

 Action of Lime on Soils. 



Sfr. Rnfliii, in his Ueport on his A:;ric(iltm al 

 Survey of South Carolina, comes to ijie I'ollovv- 

 in;r cnnclnsimis wiih regard to the offices per- 

 formed hy lime on soils: 



I. Ill nenliahzin^ the arid principle o( soil 

 whicli is ■reiifially present in all iiainrally p( or 

 soils, and wliii-h is poisonous to all ciiiiivated 

 and vuMiahle crops. 'I'lie told removal of this 

 poisonous quality (d' soils is an immediate imd 

 the nio>i ohvi(.iis efflcl of the application ol 

 calcareous manures. 



2. Ill the pinvei 111' ahcriny the texiiiic and 

 ubsorheiicy of soils. The adniixiuru of calca- 

 reous nianiirps with soils, serves in an impor- 

 tant di-mee to inodeiale li.e pieviou.s opposite j 

 defects of heiiii; eilli.r loo i«peii and li^'hl, litjm 

 cxce>s ol" clay, and also of beiiii; either too 

 little or too miicli ri ienlivc of nioistiirc. 



3. Hy .-ilieraiion of constitution in soils, pro- 

 rtnced by calcareous manure.*, all products are 

 rendered more perfect and are ripeiieil ear- 

 lier. 



4. Some lime beinj; essential to the forma- 

 tion of every plant, it may therefore be consider- 

 ed a specific and a'.imeniitry manure for every 

 crop. Still the direct operation ia perhaps the 

 least benefit of lime. Some plants, boviever, of 

 which clover is one, reipdre so inncli of this iii- 

 prertient, that they can scarcely live on ordin»r\ 

 soils. 



5. Another openuion of calcareous manure.*, 

 nnd which is veiy important also in ajtricultnral 

 nnd pecuniary value, as well as for other ccin>i,|. 

 eraiion.s, is that of restrainiii;? or pervertinji the 

 production of malaria, or the jjiaseoiis products 

 of putrefaction of ve-etable nialler, iiijinioiis to 

 health. No effeci yet claimed liirtlie operation 

 of calcareous niannres was at first heard with 

 more incredulity than this; vet the short experi- 

 ence oi 13or ].5years onlv'has been eiioiish to 

 remove almost every doubt on iliis subject in 



lower Viifiinia, where niarl bus been inosl exten- 

 sively apjihed. 



0. iJy liirnisliin^<o any Eoil.s w hicli had been 

 previoii,-ly very tleticielit tiwreiii, an in^iedienl 

 in calcaie'jiis earth, essential to iheir iioud anil 

 perlecl consiitutKUi, jill llie Innction.-i ol ihesoil,- 

 and of plants growinj; thereon, »i^ «<KwJe more 

 perfect antl inviyorated^ a?rd every .-oin^'e ol in- 

 jury to the iTiqps, whether liom soil, season dep- 

 lediitions of iiiseci.s, or other diseases to which 

 may be alike expo.sed the marled and inimarlcd 

 palls of the same held, will be much li iss liuit- 

 liil (if even percepiible in efl'ectj-on the former 

 than on llie laWer-. 'I'he culcareons manuring 

 does not prevent or even lessen these causes ol 

 di.sease and death, hut enahhs the plains, by their 

 greater vi-or, to W|l||^land am! tootit-j^iow the in- 

 Hictions, and thus ren<Jejs them comparuiively 

 harmlesi^. 



No a<;rioidtiiral writer in our country has paid 

 more, it as much, attention tothe properties ol 

 lime, its action and heiietits, in the inelioralion ol 

 the condition of Ismls, ih.in Air. Riiffiii, uinl, 

 therefore, we take, llie more pleasure in preseiit- 

 iiis; the above conclusions of his mlnu, alter 

 many years <d' intense study, close observation, 

 .-Old praciical ex|» rience. 



We are ^oatijifd to see that ainnn^ the prop- 

 erties possessed hy /iwc, be assijins to it that ol 

 beniy an '• (//(me;i/any niunure" i\ prcq^eriy vvhicli 

 we hiive loiiK since claimed l<>r it, but vvhicli 

 \K\\ were willing to allow it, even amoiifi-l those 

 who well! warmest in ils praise as an improver 

 of soils. We based our opiiiitui of iis lninj.' k 

 Kldri'wiis as well as HifCac/ncai a;.'ent, upon the 

 fact tlitit ali aiialy.-t's of ve_i^etable substances, 

 jTfOvvii upon limed land, have show n very dis- 

 tiiK t traces of Ciilcan <ii:s iratter, and liei ce we 

 drew oiir deduction fmm that fact, that if it had 

 not operated as nourishment, the lime thus ih tec- 

 ted as a conslitiient of .Mich vej^etables, vviinhl not 

 Ih-ive been tak«'<i ii^i bv their roots and distrihuicd 

 lh.oin;li their enlire series of slems, leaves and 

 Iriiit or berry; for lo us it has l«ii;r apiwared ob- 

 vious enough, lin.t unletis ifce portions of lime 

 taken tip ri.ntrihnn-d to the sustenance of plants, 

 (heir orjjaiis ot feeiliii); would have had the in- 

 .ftijiciive sa;;aciiy to reject them ; or if not so, 

 that the lime taken up would have eii-Kctl a del- 

 eterious influence upon their iii'oivtis 5iiid elabo- 

 ration, as well as upon ihe iii;ilnr--!<«in ol llieir 

 fruit aiifl seed. Jint while we have tbsis thought 

 and vontcnihd, we have alwavs inaitilaiin d, that 

 however important ti.e niifucy c.xeitedby lime 

 — however i .-si-nlial its appli> ;ilioii was to llie 

 iinpiovemenl of soil, that still animal and ve;;,.- 

 table inaimres wwe indispensable pie-reqnisites, 

 in an\ peih-ct s\slein lookini: to the effecliial 

 restoration of lands which mighr have been ex- 

 hausted ol their fertiliiy. 



By the aiialy.-.es of plants of various kinds, 

 their consliinent properties have been liiimd t<i 

 <-oiisist ol many snhsi.mces; (ttid it is hot (iiir 

 to infer thai each and all nre liecess.iiy lo llieir 

 he.'ilthfnl development. 



There is one of the (flicc.s exertcil by lime 

 vvbicli appe.iis to have I'scapiil the noticfj id' Mr. 

 Hiiflin. We n can the active aneiicy which it 

 perlinin.s, in facihiatln;/ the decnmposiiion ol in- 

 ert ve:;el.ible bodies, ami cdveriinj; insolnhle into 

 soinlile si'I'stances : thus brm;:in'z into activeand 

 available use countless orsranic remains which 

 had laid dormant in the earth tor ai.'cs, and 

 whii-li but liir the dei-omposin;; powers of lime 

 would so have contiimed lo remain for a-jes to 

 coino. in this w.iv.lime may be cntisiilered not 

 only 11 manure in il.self, but the maimliictiirer ol' 

 mat HI re also. I'eat, we know, wiihoiil soine- 

 ihiiif; to biiiif; iis ilorinant consiiliients into a 

 state ol fermentation, woo Id continue tobeiinavail- 

 ahie as an improver of the soil, and vet the mo 

 mem it hi'<'omes ailmixed with a very moderate 

 portion of lime, a new constitution or capacity 

 seems to be inliiM-d into it, and from that mo- 

 ment may wc; disi'over ihe commencement of de- 

 iray — .liomthat moment does the process of de- 

 conlpo^itil.ll broiii^Coin that moment does its 

 iiieriiii become aroused into aciivily — and just 

 such an elTcct as we hnve described to be pro- 

 dn<-i'd on peat, does lime exert on all the inert 

 bodies to be liiund in the earth. 



There is another elfect of lime upon clavs that 

 wo hail intinided when wo omnieiiced this ar- 

 ticle to have le arkcd upon, but as our able 

 tViuiid of i\tv Maine Farmer bus treated the sub- 



ject— the action of lime upon the potash fonnd 

 in clays belter thun we cunhl, we copy his ar- 

 ticle; 



Impittvtment of Clay Soils Inj Lime and by Burn- 

 ing. 

 Lime has been used upon soils for centmiep, 

 somelimes w ilh f>ood etl'ecl, and sometimes with 

 no apparent ettect at all. Various ilieoiiea have 

 been bronchi lorward to explain its action whern 

 it did ;;ooil, and its want ol action where no beii- 

 j etil was .Tpparent. 



Some jiarts of the theories, or explanation of 

 it.- action are nndoNbli iil\ correct ; btil, as every 

 year the research of tin iners anti cbeinists bring 

 socnelbin;; new to li;ilit, vv e see that we did liOt 

 know all about the ailioii of ibis substiince, and, 

 ot course, a// onr till ories could not be correct. 

 That lime eiiti'is into the compo.'-ilion of some 

 plants, w ben comhim d with oihcr snbstiinces, 

 i and thus becomes " part tind parrel '' of the crop 

 I is troe — that ii also renders some stifi'clays more 

 I open aii<l eii-y of eiihtne, is Irne — that it coiii- 

 ; bines with acid mailers in the soil, is true. A 

 j German chemist, vv bile experiiueniinj: on line 

 I and (lavs, observed that if common poller's 

 I clay, or pipe clay, were diffiised ihronj;li water, 

 and this added to milk ol lime, (common white- 

 wash) the niixiure vvoiihl thii-keti immediatelv. — 

 If this mixture be kept Ibr some mom hs, and then 

 stroiij; acirl he aihled, the clay would become a 

 ?ort ol jelly, (or t'elatinoti.*,) which it would not 

 have bicoine if ii had not been mixed with 

 lane. It appears that Ihe lime, on comhiniiij; 

 with llie cl.iy, changes ils charai-ter, .softens it 

 I down, or liqoilies it, and .d.xi liberates Ihc greater 

 \puit oj' Ihi alkalies \\\nr\i It contains. Here is a 

 I hint towards explaining the action of eaiisiic or 

 ! quirk lime upon sldf clavey soils, which will 

 enide the tiirmer in its applii'aiiim to llie soil. — 

 It acts as a key to unlock the ioi|iri.soned alkidies, 

 which are indispensable in Ihe |irodnctioii of 

 stem anil friiii, ami lliiis become a valuable ayent. 

 To tfi'ect this on very sliti' clay, re(|iiiies qniie as 

 hir;;e amount. 



Clay is made up «l' alinninc and silex, kikI 

 sometimes ol potash. AInmine, when combined 

 vv iih potash and siilphinjc acid, toim.«, as i very 

 (^ne piidiahly knows, the coinnn^n alum which 

 »ve bov at the shops. Many clay sojis contain all 

 ihi-se element.s but viny iiiiimati-ly c<mibiued, 

 and art- then more or less barren; because those 

 elements, or at any rate, the flinty part and the 

 potash, or alkali, ere iieces.-ai\ to the trow ih of 

 the plant. Now, any piocess which will^li^unilo 

 lite materials and reirder them ca|i>'ible of' la iii^^ 

 taken up b_\ vc^iielalion. will he advania^eoiis lo 

 the farmer. One mode is to add lime as above 

 staled. .-\hOllier mode is lo burn the clay. 



The plan of burnint; cla\ey soils bus been Umjf 

 known, wlihont any definite idea ot the why or 

 ihe whereloie of the cau.-e ol the beiielit. ]i has 

 been loiiiid, hoivever, by ihi- ciiemist, that it voii 

 take a lump o( (lav in its native stale and put it 

 into any ol the strong acids it will iioi be acied 

 upon al al', but if vou lic-.t it to a redue.>^s a short 

 lime, and then appiv acids, von will fii il that an 

 ee'se.'iiial chttn;;e has belli effected ; it will then 

 be acted noon by sidphmic iiciil — ihe alkali and 

 alhumen comhininf; wiih it, and the silex or flint 

 beiiiff separated ill a jelly or <>i.'latinons liirm. — 

 Yon have olieti seen newly bnill liiek houses 

 become coated v, lib a while coat, or jaiwder, in 

 mni^t weather. What is the cause ot this? — 

 Why, the alkali which was in the clav be lore the 

 the bricks were hutnt, becomes, try borniii'!, lib- 

 eraieii.and is hioU;;ht out, or dissolvid, by the 

 moisUire, and wlnn the moisture evaporaies, re- 

 mains on the wall, like a while powder. On a 

 careful exainlnuiion of walls that show this pow- 

 der, it will he seen that it renerally appears lirst 

 where the lime of the mortar and the bricks are 

 in contact. Hence we see that the operation id" 

 lime upon clayey sods is more or less benelieial 

 accordiniily as il acts np(m the alkaline material 

 in the clay, and also that an improvement is i-l- 

 licted ill such soils by bnriiin;.'. The latter, 

 however, is an expensive process, and cannot al- 

 wavs be used. 



Mustjl'iTOES. — Parley's Magazine says, lo (jet 

 ...1 of mnsipiiioe.s, t.ike a lew hot coals im a 

 shovel or cbaMii;; dish, and burn np>.n them .■.ome 

 brown sugar in jour puilors and bed room.s, and 

 you efl'ectiinlly biinisli or destroy every one lot" 

 the tiinht. 



