Qli)£ i'armcr's itlontjil^ llts itor. 



137 



very smTCt:ssrul, in coiiSilfjys.^U'eof [.'lu-s 



fnllovviiigi|it;i!e TKi-anuiieiiijcd U) vu-, l.y 



i\ iio saiil jiL-ii th-jliad uy iroijlik.uifu liu^iii. 



WiiBii fii-j^ iKiiclieil, ^ive i\c> Cecd for 24 lioiij-s, 



, ,l!)fii yi,vc,:i lililij ciii-J iiuicle tVoin liuUcjiiiills, i.i- 



"causing, iljii q-.i^uililj nsliiuv fir')"' o\,]i:\: 'I'liev 



slioiilil lie seiiueil li'ii!! il:c wet, ami by no means 



! haveiihli^iii niniil ; bill witli lliu cunl t!u;y iii;i> 



'i.i-.o in uMiionv'- (iii;iiillties, uiicat-brfiul souIumI 



.,1 Ijiilliii-iiiUii.. 1 litlii-'Vi: Jmliaii tiisal i.s |«litl to 



ilie jirciier t,':ir; .'W llis yuimg ii;rl,i-j,s which tVw 



. iii'thf iiit-jinjit ,ti) raise tlieat. To aUow ih<:iii to 



'.^ waiiiJei- too inii.-h is uilfniicii (k-iia!ly with coiisid- 



J'iJl-uljIe lu.-s. ' 1,'irive foUMit il ji vei-y gooil jilan to 



J.jDiiUi; an i:ni-!q,<ii)-.o of huaicU lecl i^iiiiari; or so, 



!, iiiiij \2 to IS inches iiiijh, ami si;t this in a firass 



..tieiil (liiriii^ Civ.^- wt'-ithi;r, in wliicli lo ccnliiie 



ii^' ihu I at tht^ hcnti by the s 

 ;» .h.'ilA, ('liffiruky, howcvijr 

 am! iii"cnuity : and 



li.s is rernnvei) oeccitfionally 



__ , _, and they llins act nil the 



fiij.ili jfiuen Tooil ihey may. ueeil, besides w ubun- 

 ance ol' insect?." '', • , ; ; . 



yunng tnri\eyi'. 

 Ji-oni place to |il.i 



Brctallursy and the MauiifacUire of Metals. 



Of X'J.ils.— To the United Slates lire due the 

 .! invr;iili'.in ami introdnelion of cot nails, and the, 

 jiowfi- niachim.'s wliic.h cut and lifad tliem uith 

 -uoii ast.mi^liiiii,' rapiiiily. The lullowinj: exli'arl 

 i'.oni the M.itiiiJ,.-; oi il;:; e«lebfated \)i. Ure, will 

 .-how in what 'iiij.'h estimaliuii tlii.s hfaneli oi' 

 !-.iu-ely A'lioricau indusify is .held in F.nnjantl : — 

 •• .\» iKii:i a;'i iiiijeeta of pi L.di:;ion.< coiitmnii- 

 lioii in bnihiiiui- tlieir hlotk houses, l!ie citizens 

 r.r i!ie IJnitod Stales vci-y.eai-ly t!;iiit:d their nie- 

 ihani^-a! i;i-i!ii,s to good iicco:ii.i in the cui'>t.nr- 

 iiv>n oi' >iu-:'.i:.-s inaciiine.s for inalai:g iheni. So 

 long sin;-o as liie year ISIO, it appears, hoai iho 

 ■. „teport oi' lh« Seeretaiy of tliH Tfeasuiy, tlial 

 e\lhev po.'^sessed a iiiai-liine which periorn.od the 

 ■rVviliini,' and headuijj at one opei-alion, with such 

 . .,'la;.i'iiiy lluii it could linii out lipwurds oi" ICU 

 ■ nail.-; per niinnie. ' Tuenly years ago," says liie 

 b.-.;'jrtiar;' ol th<j State ol' Maissachosetts in thai 

 r.;{x';rl, ' so'i.e men, tlieii induiown and then in 

 ohs;:nrity, bei<i-.n by cnuing sliccsonl ol'ohj hoi. ps 

 ;:.■:•.! !;v a coaniicn \ici,' gi'ijiing liR-se |;;.-;'..'.s iitail 

 1 d iliKin with isverai s:;uiies of tin; ha.niuev. 

 l?y piogiessi\e iuivfovemonl.--, slittiiii: iniil-i-Weic 

 hi'iili, Eiiil theshcuv- <•■! '' die iieadinj; tools were 

 pcri'i.cted ; jvl "il'/h labor and i;X|ieiise weie 

 ieo,iiisito to iriake na'd.-'. In a little timo Jiicob 

 iVrfin.-, Joi.jil^an Elijis, and a few others, p'l.i 

 iiito I'vcctition the ihoi'ght ol' cnttin.;; ami lii'iid- 

 ing nails l;y water power; boi, being jiiorc intent 

 ij.|)oii tiieii iiiauiiiiifiiy til! 11 iip<.n, their Jjecnniury 

 .•.'(li.irs, ihey, were nnaljle n pr((.-eeii!e tliii bns:- 

 i.e.ss. .\t diil'erem, tiint-^ cll.er infjn have .~peiit 

 I'bMiines in iniprovernents,; and it may lie said, 

 with ti-iith, that more th.-iii & 1,000,300 iias been 

 expt'iidi (!. Ui.it, at lr-n;;ili, lhes<! j.-ilal cit'orts arc' 

 crowned v'>iih coniid(;ie,f^iicecsK:,iind vie i;re now 

 iiliie \o niai:nlacti;ii* at ab.oiM <ine thi d lil'li.e ex- 

 pense thai wroujjht niils can I'C, mannlaiMnred 

 for — nails whii'h are sopiiior to tl.ifcm I'or i\\ ioasi 

 iliri;e-l>;iir.iis of ilie pni poses to which nails am 

 apjiiied, ami Cor most of tiioso. |,i irposts llii'V 

 are I'till a.s.i:o,od. T'^e luaciiiiJ':* inaile, ose of a.l 

 0^1ioi:m>,-;^duj.<e.i(ivenle.d i'V JpniiUjaj^ i;"M,js,,iii;:(l 

 a li V. pliiers, i;.re.-Jcnl very rno; spe.ijii'ltei^s., :'.i 



kill oi' the \vorki;iaii. This] 

 soon yielded to ei.terpriso | 

 machine made spikes are 

 now preleried to those made by liand. These 

 simple and siiccessl'nl improvements cannot be 

 dwelt upon to.> much, as they indic.-iti! that uii- 

 poilanl results are gener.-dly attaineil by the sim- 

 plest means, instead of bending the head eii- 

 lirely over at one operation, the part of the met- 

 al ol which the head is Ibrnud is only beiit over 

 to form an aimio of about 30 degrees with llie 

 sliaiik of the pail, and then it is struck by a sec- 

 ond liie moving in a line, or nearly so, with the 

 shank, which (inishes the head, and forces or 

 conceiitraies the metal in an angle nniiing ihe 

 headami bliaiik— thus giving .all the ivqmkite 

 strength where it is rtqnned. .\s the iiriiHtncss 

 of tlie cut nail constitutes its inferiority in one 

 respect, ami its sliarp and serrated edges its snpe- 

 rioiiiy in iinolher respect, to the wrong hi ii;iil— 

 the I'onner bi:ing <loc to tlie fact tliat the length 

 of the I'-.-ii! is lormeil f:-oin the breadih of the bjir 

 from which it is cut ; ;;ml the latter because it is 

 cm by ;i sharp tnsti iiineiil, instead of iieing rol- 

 led or haminer.-d— many attempts h.ive been 

 made to make liails which would have the coiri- 

 bined advantages of the cut ami wronghl, by rol- 

 ling the bars or rods I'roni wlrich the nails i.rc to 

 beluit, of the desired form, and then to cut thein 

 in the iiiigth of the bar, so as lo have the grain 

 of the iruti run in the length of the nail, i be- 

 lieve, however, that so far, ihese attempts have 

 been nnsnccessfnl. 



Dou.- Hinges. ~-'i\\''. iiiakii:g of hmgcs, cillicr 

 (,f cast or i.uoii,L,ht iron, is :. braiicli of mannfac- 

 inrnii: imin.-.iiy 'v. hich has made great progress 

 in thii United States, and which litis been the 

 frnilful somce id' many valuable and ingenious 

 inveiiiions and imiMOvemeuts. The casting of 

 hiniies on to ;< urom:lit iron pin with a free and 

 ton'ii joint, IS iiiily one of me iiit;^;iphs of i!ic- 

 clamic.;! iiiiennily. One half of the hinjie is 

 cast on lite vvroUi;la iron pin ii! r. ?a"d mould, 

 the other lialf is cast on to it, in such a ir-aoner 

 as 10 chiil dioMi.fiice of the molten iion when it 

 comes in coiiliicl with the cold iron of llie hiill 

 first formed, which prevents the two halves fiom 

 adhtiing. Many improvemenls h;,y:: been pa- 

 iciit' d ior va.rinus riiethods of finiimg the 

 mould.--, most of which, 1 believe, are in snceess- 

 liil opci-alion. The price of hin-c.< thus made 

 i.-, of com-sc. very low, and [leculicrly ada, n.'d to 

 t!:e coedr.ion ol' this counliy. 



Tbo wrongiil-iroii hinges are m.:<ie of phite 

 iron, the piates being cut inlo tin'; rtfpiiied iinin 

 by powerful slevi dies operated by h'vcr powci, 

 ami ihe knncliles ii.rmed lo leceive the joint pi:, 

 by bi ing forced into a die v, hich cm Is or bends 

 over the kimrklrs. The parts are then filed, and 

 the pin introduced, lo tmiie iUu top halves. '1 he 

 .int:\.(liiition ol'ti.is n;tlliod of win king wrought- 

 iroii hiiu;cs'ha.--, of couisc, greatly reduced the 

 eXj;eiise-of miiuufaclm ing Iliciu. ,, , . ,j ,, , ,., _ 

 Of Horse Hhod-.—'Vlu: i;.iu:i:i;;c.tMre 0.1" aii v.;;!:- 

 i-le.'of..swch generiil and extensive Use, ihe price 



.'V.me.i.ican icntiis.': " / ' . ■■ ii;i;; : ;'i 



The nianuliicime of wrouiiht naiii j^.' tile '<J. 

 Stales; which lin- some pm|-oses, cannot' be stii.- 

 stitnli'd by cut nail», because of their britiieiK fs, 

 was so liuiili'il, tu coiiscq.urnce of the expoi.uc of 

 performing the whols- opciatioii by h.anr,, that, 

 uniii a I'ew y ears..-ince, ii wassiarieiy vvijrthyol 

 .--.nusideraliou ; but, iifter many attempjt.s, nia- 

 chiiies wei-e. fin.aliy invented, and are now iji suiv 

 ccssfid (qieralion, for making thi.-i kii.J. ot nails 

 .villi no lutr.Miaid i.ibor than ' i.s iiHteStiUi-y to 

 su|i[ily the rod of iron 10 the machine, w hich 

 completes the nail by a .series .of cnnm eieti op- 

 erations: lulling oft' a piece from ih,c Iva ', loil- 

 iiij! it ii'lo llie reqiiired (fuiii iiiid ihcii (•iraivng 

 the head. Tb«s.e luachi'ifs have been veiy S l-^- 

 cessfidly apiilieii 10 li'ij making of iart;w iia !!.-', 

 i-alled "spikes, nuployed i.n framing :-.irucliJ ^cs 

 and 111 ship building. When these mai-hines, 

 bov,-ev*?r were applied, lo the making of what .-.ire 

 lernn'ii ■■•Jiook-headcil sinkes" — that is, a spi ;•; 

 with Ihe li.'iid all on one side, used :iir liistrnii'.g 

 the iron rails of railroads— it was loiind that f.ie 

 liciid, foiiiK'd l.w simidy herding over llie metal 

 w.-i.- not suffirieiiily ttrong to resist the jac to 

 wlii.:li they were subjected, and ihereforo \v.:ie 

 iidi'iior tr. those mridc by liand..ii;d strcngll-.ei '.il 



nt'.wiiicii ijftccls so Isrge a puriiou rif iiie popn- 

 ,,i;ii;o!j o!' till coitn,;,iii--:a'* i'*"'*-"'^ shoes, iU an early 

 j'pi'ii»;d aliraclcii the i.t!rvnlloii\of iiigtniuns iiir.n- 

 ,f,lilai Uir.eis,i:i.d,')iiti!iaiii's in ibis cotmlry, who 

 tnade maiiyailprnpis to lender tlli^ an dUioma- 

 ti'.- insle.-id of a handicraft cpnraiiou. As early 

 •I,- the year ISCfi, a patent was griiiited by this 

 oiKce. foV a machine lor uiakiiig horse shoes ; bm 

 which, i'rom a.Wi.nt of knowb-dge of the nature 

 of iri-n,.»nd the man.ne.r , of working it, did not 

 snci-eei'. Withm a ftvv yeaVs past, several ma- 

 chines have iieciipaienitd. in EiiiilamI and the 

 Uniled Sti.ic.x, iha,l aiiS;wer llie full e,?,-pectaiioiis 

 of the projector.-;. [I\> one acquidnud with llie 

 naliivn of iron, the various operations lo be per- 

 loimed in giving the reqnisiie 11 rm lo a horse 

 shoe, presents mimy liifficullies : and, ihoreforii, 

 il rtquired a mind of no cumimMi order 10 per- 

 fect Ibis aiil,oiiKil.ic operation," 



does not come out on a eon\incing trip, and set 

 them agog for the town. In such a case of what 

 avail is a parent's advice or authority .' Go they 

 must, and ^o they will, and go they do. So the 

 ciow-bar is tiveii up for the ^oose qnill, and the 

 ploufih-bandle for Ihe yard-slick, 'i'he poor dis- 

 ajipoinled lather, has now lo shift and Inrii as lie 

 can, and manage his hnsbiiudry by buok or by 

 crook; getting lielp as he can find it. But he 

 moves heavily and sad over his fields, and often 

 lets fail a tear whenever be reilecls thai his once 

 fond aulicipaiions of seeing his sons settled near 

 him, and participating with him in Ihe pleasures 

 and profits of an agiiculluial life, are now never 

 to be realized ! Alter a month or two the boys 

 come home on a visit ; and how do they appear.' 

 Not iiy any means in llielr loriner habil, ylo»\ ing 

 in robust lieai:h, with sinewy arm, bone and mus- 

 cle of two young S. inpsons, wiih slop brisk and 

 energetic; but .«ailow' ami nerveless, — viclima of 

 dandyism,— mere city goslings! 



Ill "the d;iys id' my youth, old people were llie 

 smokers; but now every yi.imker has a cifiar in 

 bis mouth and cocking it np about forty-five de- 

 greeii, as he stands braced against some post or 

 pilhir with folded arms, ho pufi's artay, looking 

 amazingly wise, and talks largely about business, 

 the price of slocks, &C., as if, forsooth, he weiv a 

 thing of some consequence in the world '. O, 

 gracious' Did yon ever encounter one ol iliese 

 bits of fustian, when journeying in a stage, read- 

 er, with his float's beard hanging liiim his chin, 

 his pinch back watch safe around his neck, and 

 sporting his shepherd's crook .' What a fo^o he 

 keeps up to ilie .■ininnam-e of the cuinpany ! — 

 Save me from ever comiiif; in conlart with the 

 like nnisauce again : And yet, I wls!i 1 in truth 

 could say, tlial sueli a bit oi lurnituie was never 

 manufactured out of a liiiinei's bo\'. 



.I\ly readers are aware, that I ocwitioiially fjive 

 iheii) my llionghls in measure. I hope apology 

 will not he iiecesi^ary, if I descant a lillle in the 

 present case. Not lon!>: ai'o, 1 heard will) much 

 ph'asnre,fioiii one of theCoslon I'aiterpraii Baud, 

 ihe well known song of "Li'/'c on llic Ocean Wave!'' 

 iy-c, and i ihonght it mij;ht by a sort ot paiody be 

 well melamorphosed into a pleasant fanner's 

 ,-ong ; ami here il is; sing il if you jilease. 



THK KAR.MKR'S SOfvC:. 



A I.Tg ca niv native snil ;— 



AlutiMt in n firniei's ciil. — 

 I'll r.i'vpr at !::b r recal. 



And ask for iici Iniijii'T !■ t. 

 The city l.iis not n cliaiin. 



Willi its ni/iie.-il, unit iiciso, oiid strife ; 

 0, tii\e nil; a snag liUli' r::iiT). 



With a ki-ul aia! ai-table wife. 

 A lil'e on iiiy native Sf i! ;-— 



A home m the firnK'i':> c*. t •, 

 With my liirpe cattle team will I toil. 



.-Vivl .asU I"(M' no ha^piio- h.-t. 

 Oe .up ! — Ciee up I — 

 Gi c lip, gee u;i. and ;: .-■ O ! 



Oi'. mv own native soil 1 straiil. 



ivnilst ljlo.«sont!ng tielda ai'oiiiul ; 

 \\ h.li; IliC :.ll- is [lle.isaiil and bl.'.in). 



And Irio l-.fll.s with caliln Libonml ! 

 ThF river i.=;' finwing hy ; 



Thf ijoatir.cn siir.'inE? we hear; 

 A:"i.llif l.il>' rvrs, how tlipy pfv, 



.'.yiiiW.' eql.oii-nds round their vlieei '■ 

 A lil'o en my nativt.vs,oil tjrf'-^- 



Fr.'.in the Mas.^acliu.-eilVPloughuiun. 

 Wb. jKiiiTORi—Wiiat il iilraiigc itching there 

 i.s, ituv.a ill ;i whiles anion;; our yotiUL' men lolivi; 

 ill the cil.\ : To li-of do 1 say ? In tact 11 i.s no 

 living at ail, compared with the healthy freedom 

 of aconntiv lile. Has » farmer a pair ol boys 

 in ihiir leei.s, say IVoi;) liftneii to iweiity, just be- 

 comiu'i of use in rcrrying on business, and m 

 whose <-aie iind i.ll.'.niou he l>i:s all r.onddeiice, 

 ion lo ime if sem." Iljpi ant i\. atlhr of Ihe iily 



I fl.iW chocirid itistn viciw 



I Whole vailies of waving irrain, 



j And the lal.-wuulnian's jovial crew. 



' With sii'Ulr.s proslratin.L' the pkiln ! 



0. the son,; ol' mv heart shall Le, 



While earth her fweut !)toaects shnl! vicbl, 

 The life of a firmer for ir.e, 



A home in Ihe forest and lield. 

 A llie on lay mtive soil ;— &c. 



Now . my kind reader, if you arc a mu.-lral far- 

 mer, jnst run over tiie ahov"e, while your wife or 

 daii'diter accomjanv \oii on the piano forte, a la 

 mode de Russidt. "BuI if to this proposal you 

 di'innr, as Ihe lawyers say, then (mII in, and wo 

 will "ive it in eiir poor, Iilough-jogger style. 

 " L'ui. 



Tomato Tart.— Roll out your dough very tlim 



-and place it on the plate in which you intend ha- 



kill!' .\oiir tart, and slice your tomatoi's very tbm, 



spread llieni over the dough very tliitdy, lake 



about two table spoonsful of brown sugar, and 



one of groiiml cinnamon baik;spreail the two 



! over the tomatoes, bake it well, and you have n 



I fine tart. 



