168 MEMOIKR OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALTFOR>'IA 



nately lie neglected entirely to give the source of his material, but it is stated 

 by him {in lift.) to be in the greater part from the Gulf of Naples. Pouchet 

 (1887) described G. grammaticum from the Atlantic off the coast of France; 

 Calkins (1902) foimd G. sphaerkum (G. gracile var. sphaerica) off Woods 

 Hole, Mass., and Wright (1907) figures G. gracile from Nova Scotian waters. 

 From the waters of the North Sea, the Skager Rack and Cattegat, are recorded : 

 G. purocystis by Jorgensen (1912) ; G. rlioml)oides by Paulsen (1907) ; G. vcs- 

 tifici hy Lohmaun (1908) and Ostenfeld (1913), and G. gracile by Ostenfeld 

 (1913). From the Mediterranean, particularly the Bay of Naples, come G. 

 heterostriatum, G. lunula, and G. coendemn, recorded by Dogiel (1906), and 

 G. grammaticum , recorded by Schroder (1900) . G. gracile is recorded by Bergh 

 from the Baltic Sea, as is also G. vestifici by Lohmann (1908) . Of the remaining 

 records Lebour (1917/;) gives G. minor, G. fulgens (G. pseudonoctiluca), G. 

 aehromaticum, G. conicum (G. viridis), G. rhom'boides, and G. filu)n from 

 Phanouth Soimd, England, and Pouchet (1894) describes G. wilczehi from the 

 Arctic Ocean. Saville-Kent has described G. marinum from an infusion of hay 

 and sea water at St. Heliers, Isle of Jersey. 



Thus far no species have been described from the Pacific Ocean. To these 

 twenty marine species we herewith add one new species, G. herlyaceum Kofoid 

 MSS, from the Bay of Naples, and thirty-five new species from the Pacific 

 Ocean off the coast of California near San Diego, as follows: G. ahhreviatum, 

 G. agile, G. amphora, G. attenuatum, G. auratuw, G. aureum. G. hicorne, G. 

 bifurcatum,, G. canus, G. cinctum., G. costahim, G. contractum, G. dissimile, G. 

 dogieli. G. doma, G. flavmn, G. hamidus, G. incisu^n, G. lira, G. lineatum, G. line- 

 opimicum, G. multilineatum, G. muJtistriatum, G. ovulum, G. paclnidermahim., 

 G. puniceum, G. radiatum, G. ravenescens, G. ruhricauda, G. ruhrum. G. scopu- 

 losum, G. situla, G. sulcatum, G. translucens, and G. violescens. In addition we 

 give new records for the occurrence of the following seven species in the Pacific 

 at San Diego : G. diploconus Schiitt, G. glel>a Schiitt, G. gracile Bergh. G. hete- 

 rostriatum nom. sp. nov. (=^G. ohtusum Dogiel). G. lunula Schiitt, G. rhom- 

 hoides Schiitt, G. sphaericum Calkins (j^G. gracile var. sphaerica Calkins). 



Prior to the establishment of Gi/mnodininm by Stein in 1878 the imperfec- 

 tion of our knowledge of the dinoflagellates in general, the lack of information 

 as to the relations of the armored and unarmored forms, the slight data on 

 encystment and the misinterpretation of the transverse flagellmn as a row of 

 cilia, all conspired to prevent the recognition of this genus and scatter its 

 representatives in other genera, often ill founded. Thus the first species be- 

 longing to it, G. fuscum-, was described by Ehrenberg (1834) as Peridimum 

 fuscum. Later (1840) this same indefatigable explorer descrilied very briefly 

 as Peridinium monas a species which Saville-Kent (1880-82) doubtfully refers 

 to his Gymnodinium, marimim. The greatest s.ynonjanical confusion was created 

 by Diesing's two attempts (1850, 1866) to reorganize the classification of hel- 

 minths, which at that tune included many of the imperfectly known microscop- 

 ical forms of life. In his Sj^stema Ilelminthum (1850) he included in his 



