KOFOID AND SWEZY: UNARMORED DINOFLAGELLATA 241 



Gymnodinium palustre Scliilliug 



Text figure X, 16 



Gijmnodinium palustre Schilling (1891), pp. 248, 277, 278, pi. 9, fig.s. 11-13, pi. 10, fig. 11 ; 

 (1913), p. 16, fig. 11. 



G. palustre, Ludwig (1898), p. 299. 



G. palustre, Mez (1898), p. 216, pi. 6, fig. 285. Based on Schilling's (1891) figures. 



G. palustre, Lemmermann (1889), p. 126; (1900), p. 116; (1901), pp. 67, 69, 72; (1902), 

 p. 260; (190.'-)), p. 159; (1910), pp. 613, 618, 620, figs. 15, 16. 



G. palustre, Schoniehen and Kalberlah (1910), p. 232; (1909), p. 252. Based on Schil- 

 ling's (1891) figures. 



G. palustre, Boloehonzew (1903), pp. 7, 59. 



G. palustre, Wesenberg-Lund (1904), pp. 106, 107 (in part = 6r. zachariasi) . 



G. palustre, Entz (1910), p. 158. 



G. palustre, Guyer (1910), pp. 365, 377. 



G. palustre, Kolowitz (1911), pp. 314, 315, 325, 326, 327, 341, 357, pi. 6, fig. 2 (in part = 

 G. zachariasi), pi. 10, fig. 4; (1912), p. 214. 



Not Gymnodinium palustre, Zacharias (1899) ; Dogiel (1906) ; Klebs (1912) ; nor Paure- 

 Fremiet (1914) {^G. za-chariasi (Zaeh.) Lemra.). 



DiAGXOSis. — A small species with ellipsoidal body, its length 1.12 transdiam- 

 eters; girdle without displacement; yellow to brown chroniatophores. Length, 

 44/^. Fresh-water ponds and swamps in Germany and Switzerland in summer. 



Description. — Body stout ellipsoidal, the anterior end rounded, the posterior truncate, its 

 length 1.12 transdiaraetei's at the widest part. The epicone exceeds the hypocone in length by 

 0.4 its own length. It is bell-shaped with rounded apex. The hypoeone is broadly rounded with 

 the antapex more or less truncate. 



The girdle is postmedian in position, its length from the apex about 0.4 of the total length . 

 of the body. The furrow is deeply impressed, with overhanging borders. A sulcus is not figured 

 by Schilling (1891). The nucleus is located in the central part of the body. Round, yellow to 

 dark brown chromatophores are scattered through the peripheral zone of cytoplasm. 



Dimensions. — Length, 44/*; transdiameter, 37.5m. As figured by Schilling 

 (1891, pi. 10, fig. 11; 1913, fig. 11) the transdiameter is 15/*, though not so given 

 in the text. 



Occurrence. — This species was found b\- Schilling (1891) in ponds and 

 ditches in Germany. Guyer (1910) notes its abundance in the summer plankton 

 in the Greifen Lake in Switzerland. Lemmermann (1902) records it from 

 Lake Plon, and (1905) from Oppeln, Germany. Boloehonzew (1903) found it 

 occurring in the stunmer in the Volga River, Kussia, and Kolkwitz (1911) in 

 Taken, Russia, and Kenischeid, Germany, througliout the year. 



Comparisons. — This species is near G. zachariasi in its proportions, but is 

 somewhat stouter. The chromatophores also appear to differ, being rodlike in 

 the latter and more roiuided in Ci. zncJiaridsi. No ])seudo])odia have been noted 

 in this species. 



