KOFOID AND SWEZY: UNARMORED DINOFLAGELLATA 265 



Synonyjsey. — Although very clearly described by Alhiian (1854, 1855) as 

 Peridiuium uherrinia, this species seems to have been neglected by subsequent 

 investigators and monographers, siich as Lemmermann (1910) and Schilling 

 (1913), apparently because of the lack of access to the journals containing the 

 original description. Allman's account of cj^st formation, or the appearance 

 of a delicate spherical pellicle (no girdle noted), is probably the reason for 

 Schilling's allocation of the species to Glenodinium. Saville-Kent (1880-82) 

 established, on inadequate grounds, a new genus Melodinium with Allman's 

 Peridinmm iiberrima as the sole species, and still continued Allman's original 

 error of stating that the whole body was covered with cilia, an olDservation based 

 either on a coating of l^acteria or on the optical illusion arising from the viln-atile 

 action of the transverse flagellum in a rapidly moving iudiAidual. 



Penard (1891) includes this species as variety rufescens of his G. mirabile. 

 Lemmermann later advanced the variety to specific rank. Schilling (1913) in 

 his useful monogi-aph of the fresh-water dinoflagellates fails to recognize the 

 similarity of Allman's and Penard 's forms and apparently on the basis of All- 

 man's observation of a pellicular cyst and of Saville-Kent 's suggestion that the 

 species may be a shell-less developmental condition of a thecate species, places 

 Allman's ■uheriiiiiniii in Glenodinium among the "unsichere Peridineen." 

 There seems to be no ground for this transfer, as such cyst formation is a 

 normal feature of the life history of the naked dinoflagellates. 



Gymnodinium varians Maskell 



Text figure X, 23 



Gymnodinium varians Maskell (1887), p. 7, pi. 1, fig. 9a-b. 



G. varians, Sehewiakoff (1893), p. 162. 



G. varians, Lemmermann (1900), p. 116; (1910), p. 565, figs. 19-20, pp. 618, 619, 621. 



G. varians, Hutton (1904), p. 331. 



G. minimum, Klebs (1912), pp. 396, 419, 439, fig. 7 A, B. 



Diagnosis. — A minute species with ovoidal l)0(ly, its length 1.3 transdiam- 

 eters; girdle median, without displacement; sulcus extending from girdle to 

 antapex; color, green. Length, ITa*. AVelliugton district of New Zealand; 

 Buitenzorg, Java. 



Description. — The body is ovoidal with its widest transdiameter premedian. narrower pos- 

 teriorly, its length 1.5 transdiametei-s at the widest part. The epieouc and hypocone are sub- 

 equal in length, but the epicone is slightly greater in volume. It has a length of 0.4 of the total 

 body length and is hemispherical in shape. The hypocone is somewhat more slender with blunt 

 antapex. 



The girdle is subequatorial in position and forms a complete circle around the body. The 

 sulcus extends from the girdle to the antapex in a straight liue. The flagellar pores are not 

 indicated in Klebs 's (1912) figures, but the location of the flagella would suggest that the pores 

 might be found, one slightly below the other, at the junction of the girdle and sulcus. 



The nucleus is spherical and centrally located. Its diameter is about 0.5 transdiameter in 

 length. The color is green. Chromatophores minute rod-shaped, radially located in the periphery. 



