272 MEMOIRS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 



Description. — The body is ovoidal, its greatest width posterior, and its length 1.57 dorso- 

 ventral diameters, at the widest part. The epicone is long, exceeding the hypocone by 0.35 of 

 its own length. It is symmetrically bell-shaped with rounded apex. Its length is about 0.56 the 

 total length of the body. The hypocone is subhemispherieal in shape with a length of 0.3 the 

 total length of the body. 



The girdle is slightly posterior to the middle of tlie body, having a distance from the apex 

 of about 0.56 of the total length of the body. Zacharias (1899) has figured only the right lateral 

 view of the organism, hence the displacement of the girdle and the length and position of the 

 sulcus cannot be determined. The furrow is about 0.1 dorsoventral diameter in width and is 

 deeply impressed. 



The most striking feature about this organism is its formation of pseudopodia. These are 

 thrown out from the ventral side, usually in front of the girdle, but they may arise from the 

 girdle or posterior to it, presumably from the sulcus. They may be straight, blunt extensions 

 of protoplasm or they may be variously branched, and considerably longer than the body. No 

 evidence is given, such as food inclusions in the body, to indicate that these have a function 

 concerned with the nutrition of the body. The only cell inclusions noted by Zacharias (1899) 

 are rod-shaped, yellow-brown chromatophores closely crowded together in longitudinal lines in 

 the peripheral zone. 



DiMEXSioxs. — Length, 4^^; dorsoveutral diameter, 16m; transdiameter, 32/^. 

 It is difficult to reconcile the dimensions given by Zacharias (1899) in his text 

 ■with the dunensions of his figures. The proportions used above are taken from 

 his figures, while the actual dimensions quoted above are his own. His figure 1 

 might be interpreted as a dorsal view, but it has the same j^roportions as his 

 figures 4 to 9, which are undoubtedly lateral views. Lemmermann (1910) has 

 undoubtedly noted this discrepancy, as he states that the cross-section of the 

 body is circular, 32/^ broad. The width of his (Zacharias, 1899) figures cannot 

 be more than 28m as they are drawn. The diameter of the cyst ranges from 25m 

 to 100m. 



OccuRKEXCE. — Figured by Zacharias (1899) from plankton collected in 

 TJklei Lake near Plon, Germany, in November. Its occurrence has also been 

 recorded by Entz (1910) near Budapest, Hungary, and by "West and "West 

 (1906) from Irish lakes. 



Co:mparisoxs. — Described by Zacharias (1899) as G. palnstre Sch. and 

 changed to G. zachariasi by Lemmermann (1900). It differs from G. palustre 

 mainly in its formation of pseudopodia. The importance placed on this phe- 

 nomenon as an evidence of holozoic nutrition (West, 1916) would seem to be 

 imduly stressed, since no evidence is offered on that point in G. zachariasi. On 

 the other hand abundant eA'idence is offered herewith to show that holozoic 

 nutrition is quite general throughout Gi/mnodinium as well as other genera, with 

 no signs of the formation of pseudopodia. 



