KOFOID AND SWEZY: UNARMORED UINOFLAGELLATA 279 



records G. ovatum (Gourret), and Schroder (1900) adds G. obtusum and G. 

 spiraJe from Xa])loR. The last named species is also recorded from the Baltic 

 by Ostenfeld (19l;5), as is also G. longum (as Cocldodiiuum longiint Lohmanu) 

 by Lohmanu (1908) and G. fissurn by Levander (1894^/). 



Labour (1917&) has recorded the following from Plymouth Sound, England: 

 G. crassnm, G. glaucum, G. Irntannia (as Spirodiniiim spirale var. acutum), 

 G. spirale, and one species, G. co^iccntricmiu which we place in the species 

 incertae sedis. To these records Ostenfeld (1908) has added one of G. fissum 

 from the Aral Sea with a question as to the identity of the species. 



Thus far no record has been made of Gyrodiniimi in the Pacific. We record 

 in this paper the occurrence in the plankton off San Diego and La Jolla, Cali- 

 fornia, of the following species previously described: G. contortum (Schlitt), 

 G. fissu7n (Levander), G. glaucum (Lebour), G. obtusum (Schlitt), G. pingue 

 (Sclnitt\ G. spkaericum Calkins, G. spirale (Bergh), and twenty-three new 

 ones as follows: G. biconicum, G. capsulafum, G. eaudatum, G. corallinum, 

 G. culeus, G. dorsum, G. favescens, G. favidum, G. fulvum, G. herbaceum, G. 

 intortum, G. maculatmn, G. melo, G. ochraceum, G. ovoideum, G. postmacu- 

 latum, G. riibricaiidatum , Cr. spumantia, G. submarinum, G. truncaUim, G. 

 truncus, G. virgatum., and G. viridescens. 



Two species stand out in these records as cosmo]i()litan in distribution, G. 

 spirale (Bergh) and G. fissum (Levander), the former occurring in the Atlantic, 

 Pacific, and Indian oceans and the Mediterranean and Baltic seas, and the latter 

 in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans and the Baltic Sea. The species having the 

 widest range in temperate zones is G. crassum (Pouchet), recorded from the 

 ]\Iediterranean, the Atlantic, and the Arctic near Spitzbergen. 



Historical Discussion 



In his "Peridiniales" in Engler and Prantl's Pflauzoifamilien Sehiitt 

 (1896) established the genus Spirodinium for that section of the genus Gymno- 

 di)iium in which the girdle forms a steep spiral and the sulcus or longitudinal 

 furrow is a nearly straight line, with the result that the two flagellar pores are 

 widely separated by the displacement of the distal end of the girdle posteriorly 

 from the proximal. He named one species only, *S'. spirale (Bergh), as repre- 

 senting the genus. His name was later accepted by Lemmermann (1899, 1910), 

 Paulsen (1908), Schilling (1913), and others working on the Dinoflagellata. 



Unfortunately Schlitt did not consider the possible preoccupation in zoolog- 

 ical literature of his generic name, which may have been availaldc from the 

 botanical standpoint and was certainly appro]jriate and morphologically signifi- 

 cant. However, many if not all of the species of tliis genus are holozoic, and 

 in any event it is desirable to avoid preoccupation of generic names on both 

 the plant and the animal side in the case of generic names among the flagellates. 



In 1890 Piorentini had used the generic name S]>irodi)iiu)it for a ciliate 

 parasitic in the coecuni of the horse, with S. cqui as the monotype. It is there- 



