334 MEMOIRS OF TPIE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 



granular, clear and transparent, and often contains large vacuoles and food masses, evidences of 

 a holozoic mode of nutrition. The surface is beset with equidistant, longitudinal, blue-gi-een 

 striae which are about twice as numerous on the hypocone as on the epieone, which has about 15 

 across the ventral face. The general color of the organism varies from pale, glaucous green to 

 ivory yellow. 



DiMExsioxs. — Leugtli, 105-150^^; traBsdiameter, 40— 1:5m; axes of nucleus, 20/^ 

 and 30/^ to 24/^ and 24j^. 



OccuREEXCE. — Our first record for this species is June 3, 1907, 2.25 miles 

 off La Jolla, California, in a haul from 120 meters to the surface. On July 18, 

 1917, it was fotnid in a surface haul at the end of the pier at the Biological 

 Station and on July 20 in a haul 6 miles offshore from 80 meters to the surface 

 and a surface temperature of 21° C. 



It was first figured by Bergh (1881) from the Baltic Sea. Other records 

 of its occurrence are as follows: Pouchet (1883-1885rt) in the Atlantic off 

 Concarneau, Prance, in October; Entz, Jr. (1902) in the Adriatic Sea; White- 

 legge (1891). Port Jackson, Sydney, Australia, in April and May; Jorgensen 

 (1899), in the Atlantic off Puddefjord, and Hardangerf jord, Norway, in April 

 and July; Schroder (1900) in the' Gulf of Naples (1911) and Adriatic Sea, in 

 July; Pavillard (1905) in the Gulf of Lyons in October; Karsten (1907) in 

 the'lndian Ocean, V 40^6 S, 41° 47-1 E, in March; Herchnan (1911) at Port 

 Erin, Isle of Man; Ostenfeld (1913) in Baltic Sea off coast of Demnark, July, 

 August; and Leboin* (1917/;) at Plymouth Soimd, England. 



Syxoxymy. — This species was originally described l\v Bergh (1881) as 

 Gymnodinimn spirale and later utilized by Sehiitt (1896) as the tyj^e species 

 of his genus Spirodiniion. Pouchet (1883) has characterized five varieties of 

 this species, of which he names only two, G. spirale var. nohilis and G. spirale 

 var. striatum. The characters given to these are such that it is not possible to 

 reidentify them. His variety I) is probably Gi/mnodinium heterostriatum. 



CoMPARisoxs. — This is the type species of the genus GurodiniiDu, following 

 Sehiitt 's use of it as his type species in his genus Spirodiniiim, which it replaces. 

 It also is the type of the subgenus Gyrodiniiim. In the torsion and shape of 

 the body it resembles G. hiconiciim, but is distinct from it in the presence of 

 surface striae. In the overhang of the girdle and the slight amount of torsion 

 in the intercingular sulcus it looks forward to the next genus, Cocldodinium. 



Our figures show a stouter body with less contraction at the apices than do 

 Bergh 's (1881&) ; but our material includes forms as slender as he has figured, 

 though these are less typical of the species as we find it. 



Gyrodinium spumantia sp. nov. 



Plate 7, figure 72 ; text figure CC, 13 



DiAGxosis. — A large species with irregularly obovoidal Ijody, its length 1.8 

 transdiameters ; girdle a descending left spiral, disjjlaced 0.43 transdiameters ; 

 sulcus extends from apex to antapex; color, pink, grey and yellow ochre. 

 Length, 146/*. Pacific off La Jolla, California, August. 



