LAMARCK. 163 



search for secondar^^uses^^s opposed to arres 

 \vilJi_supematuraLxausation. He believes that w 

 see in Nature a certain order originally imposed b 

 its Author, which is manifested in the successive d 

 velopment of life; we thus study natural forces and 

 Nature abandoned to its laws. In this sense we 

 see Nature creating and developing without cessa- 

 tion towards higher and higher types. External 

 conditions do not alter this order of development, 

 but give it infinite variety by directing the scale of 

 being into an infinite number of branches. Lamarck 

 denied, absolutely, the existenceof_any_l_perfecting 



j tendfiJicxl in Natu re, andregarded Evolulign_as the 

 ^/ jfinalneces sary e ffect of surrouiiding, conditions on 

 dife. Thus, in his Teleology, he adopted the mod- 

 ern standpoint. Instead of suggesting that animals 

 had been created for a certain mode of life, he sup- 

 posed that their mode of life had itself created them 

 Wings were not given to birds to enable them to 

 fly, but they had developed wings in attempting to. 



fly- 



In his discussion of Evolution in general, in the 

 section, ' De FOrdre naturel des Animaux,'' he 

 says : — 



" In considering the natural order of animals, the very positive 

 gradation which exists in their structure, organization, and in the 

 number as wel' as in the perfection of their faculties, is very far 

 removed from truth, because the Greeks themselves 



fully perceived were unable to expose the principles 



and the proofs tion. because they lacked the knowl- 



