MISCELLANEOUS WRITERS. 211 



geographical distribution. Among these were Her- 

 bert von Buch, Haldeman, and Schaafhausen the 

 anthropologist. We find a partial revival of Goethe's 

 doctrines by the botanists Schleiden and Lecoq. 



Lamarckism found very few followers. The 

 Greek idea of pre-existent germs of species was 

 revived by Keyserling. The Aristotelian notion of 

 an internal impulse or tendency towards progression 

 was more or less clearly revived by the ' progres- 

 sionists ' in the Vestiges of Creation and in Owen's 

 essay on the " Nature of Limbs." 



Other writers who expressed a more or less pos- 

 itive belief in the mutability of species were : Virey^ 

 in 1817, Grant'- in 1S26, Rafinesque^ in 1836, Du- 

 jardin^ in 1843, d'Halloy'' in 1846. Chevreul" and 

 Godron,' in 1846 and 1847, advanced views some- 

 what similar to those of the younger St. Hilaire. 

 We note also Leidy in 1850, T. linger, the bot- 

 anist, in 1852, Cams and Schaafhausen* in 1853, 

 Lecoq in 1854." 



Sachs has shown how the botanists Brown, Nageli, 

 and Hofmeister were approaching the theory. 



1 Article " Especes," Diet. d'Htst. Naturelle de Diterville. 



2 Edinburgh Philosophical Journal, Vol. XIV., p. 283. 

 ' New Flora of North America, 1836, pp. 6, 18. 



* Ann. d. Sc. Nat., 3* ser., t. IV., p. 279. 



^ Bulletins de V Academic Roy. Bruxelles, torn. XIII., p. 581. 



^ Considerations Generales sur les Variations des Individus. Mem. d. 1. 

 See. Roy. et Centr. d'Agriculture, 1846, p. 287. 



' De fEspece et des Races. Mem. d. 1. Societe d. Sciences de Nancy, 

 1847, P- '82. Published as a separate book in 1859. 



8 Verb. d. Niturh. Ver. d. Preus. Rhein, Ueber Bestandigkeit und Urn- 

 wandliing der .4rten, Bonn, 1853. 



8 Atudes s. I. Geographic Botanique de VEurope, Paris, 1854, p. 199. 



