256 



INDEX. 



Branching nature of ascent. Lamarck, [ 

 172-176: St. Hilaire. 201-202. 



Bruno, sources of his idciis, 78, 79; sup- | 

 posed anticipations, 80; perfecting 

 tendency, 80; interpretation of| 

 "Genesis," 80; Uniformitarianism, 82; ' 

 origin of man, 82. 



Buch, geographical distribution, 213; 

 direct action environment, 214; seg- 

 regation, 214. 



BufTon, characteristics, 130-131 ; change 

 of views, 132; conception of teleol- 



/ogy, 132; mutability of species, 133; 

 development and degeneration, 133; 

 unity of type. 134; scale of ascent, 

 135 ; pangenesis. 135 ; direct influence 

 of environment, 136; segregation, 

 136; stiuggle for existence, 136; im- 

 perfect phyletic views, 139; anticipa- 

 tion of Darwinism, 141. 



Causation, relation of natural and super- 

 natural, Aristotle, 50, 51; problems 

 of. left by the Greeks, 68; natural, 

 Augustine. 72; natural, philosophers 

 upon, 89 ; Descartes, 94 ; Spinoza, 97; 

 Kv^it^joo; E. Darwin, 148; Lamarck, 

 ^^163; Owen, 219; 'finality,' Naudm, 

 / 224; Parwin, 237-238. 

 / Chiimljets. 'The Vestiges," 215; cosmic 



^ -Evolution, 216; descent of man, 216; 



^•^ — ^Saltatory Evolution, 217; perfecting 

 tendency, 217; abiogenesis, 218. 

 Continuity of Germs (hereditary), Robi- 



net, 122. 

 Creation, Potential, Grtgory^ji; Augus- 

 tine, 71; Erigena, 74; Aquinas, 75; 

 Bruno, 80 ; Descartes, 95. Special, 

 Descartes upon, 94; Suarez, 83; Buf- 

 fon, 134 ; Lamarck. 159 ; succession of 

 creations, Cuviei, 196; Danvin, 232. 

 Cuvier, early and late views, 195 ; catastro- 

 phism, 196; special creations, 196; 

 discussion with St. Hilaire, 202-204. 



Darwin, Charles, relation to the past, 229 ; 

 changes of opinion, 229; induction, 

 230, 234 ; hereditary and educational 

 influences, 231; evolution idea, 233; 

 development of his opinions, 235; 

 natural selection, 236; perfecting 

 principle, 237; ' Design,' 238; 'salta- 

 tory Evolution," 238 ; survival of the 

 fittest, 239; Lamarck's factor, 240; 

 Buffon's factor, 240, 241 ; heredity, 



242; final opinions, 243; relation to 

 WaDace, 243. 



Darwin, Erasmus, principal writings, 139 ; 

 abiogenesis, 140; origm of man, 141; 

 accidental variation, favourable, 141; 

 struggle for existence, 142; indebted- 

 ness to the Greeks, 142; anticipa- 

 tion of Lamarck, 143; primordial 

 germ, 144; evidences of Evolution, 

 145 ; transmission of acquired charac- 

 ters, 145 ; sexual characters, 147 ; irri- 

 tability, 147, 148 ; evolution of man, 

 149; limitations of his theory, 150; 

 relations to Lamarck, 152-155. 



Degeneration, Aristotle, 25; Sylvius and 

 Vesalius, 25 ; Kant, 101 ; Buffon, 133, 

 134; disuse, Owen, 219-220; caused 

 by disuse, Darwin. 240-242. 



Democritus, anticipation of materialism. 

 41; attitude towards adaptation, 42; 

 the universe a mechanism, 42. 



Descartes, on special creation and a 

 natural order of development, 95. 



Design, intelligent, Anaxagoras, 42 ; Aris- 

 totle, 49. 53. 54; misconception of, 

 Buffon, 132; Darwin, 238. 



Development, progressive, Aristotle, 26; 

 Buffon, 133; Owen, 220. 



Diderdt, relation to Empedocles, psychic 

 attraction and repulsion, 115; sur- 

 vival of fittest combinations, 116; 

 conception of Evolution, 116. 



Diogenes, spontaneous origin of life, 36. 



Economy of growlh. law of. Aristotle, 

 25, 46; Goethe, 25; St. Hilaire, 25; 

 Treviranus, 190. 



Embryology, advance of, 27 ; evidence 

 of Evolution and unity of type, 

 Meckel, 212; Baer, 212; Serrcs, 212; 

 Owen, 220. 



Empedocles, succession of life, 37 ; for- 

 tuitous origin, 38 ; survival of the 

 fittest, 39; struggle for existence, 39 ; 

 relation to modern Evolution, 41 ; 

 criticised by Aristotle, 55; attraction 

 and repulsion, 37. 



Environment, Influences of, Maillet, 112; 

 direct, Buffon, 136, 137; Kant, loi ; 

 indirect, E. Darwin, 147; Lamarck, 

 172; direct, Lamarck, 177-178 ; Trevi- 

 ranus, 191 ; action upon early stages 

 of development. St. Hilaire, 199; 

 action upon fixation of type, St. Vin- 

 cent, 205; Buch, 214; Haldeman, 214; 



