258 



INDEX. 



Leibnitz, continuity and perfectibility. 20 ; 

 scale of beings, 95 ; mutability of 

 species, 96; man and the primates, 

 96. 



Lessing, law of development. 103. 



Linnjeus, characteristics, 128; fixity of 

 species. 129; new hybrids. 130; com- 

 parison with Buflfon. 130; his method 

 of thought. 202. 



Lucretius, relations to Empedocles and 

 Epicurus. 60-62 : survival of the fit- 

 test. 62 ; abiogenesis. 63. 



Lyell, exposition of Lamarckism, 233; 

 his views, 227. 



Man, Or/^mfy; Anaximander, 34; Oken, 

 127. alow development of, Anaximan- 

 der, 34 ; in the faculties and arts, 

 Lucretius, 64 ; in mental evolution. 

 Bruno, 80 ; relation to apes, Leibnitz, 

 96; E. Darwin, 147. Relation to 

 other fiiniates, tool-bearing hands, 

 Bruno, 82; Leibnitz. 96; Kant, loi ; 

 unity of type. Herder. 104 ; Robinet, 

 121; Buffon. 134; Buffon and Helve- 

 tius. 140-141 ; tool-bearing hands. E. 

 Darwin. 141 ; Chambers. 216. Sum- 

 mit of Evolution, Aristotle. 49, 51. 52 ; 

 Robinet, 123; EL Danvin, 141. 



Maillet. sodden transformations, no; 

 suddenly acquired characters, no; 

 uniformity, 112; marine and terres- 

 trial forms. 112. 



Matthew, principle of natural selection, 

 223. 



Matter, see Form. 



Maupertuis, psychic properties of matter, 

 113; heredity, 114; fortuitous varia- 

 tion, 115. 



Meckel, embryological evidence of Evo- 

 lution, 212. 



Metamorphosis, sudden transformation, 

 Duret. 108; Bonnami. 109; Kircher. 

 109; Maillet. no. 



Mutability of species, natural philoso- 

 phers upon, 88 ; Bacon, 91 ; Leibnitz, 

 96; Buffon, 132; Lamarck, 163; St. 

 Vincent. 205 ; embrj-ological evi- 

 dence. Baer. 212. 



Naudin. unity of tj'pe. 223 ; phylogeny. 

 224; environment. 224; finality, 224 ; 

 fixation of t)*pe, 224; artificial selec- 

 tion, 225. 



Oken, relation to the Greeks, 124; Ur- 

 Schleim, 125; abiogenesis. 126; cel- 

 lular theory. 126 ; origin of man, 127. 



Origin of species (see Mutability and 

 Evolution) by intercrossing, Bruno, 

 84; Linnaeus, 130; Herbert, 213. 



Owen, archetypal idea. 218 ; continuous 

 creation. 219 ; degeneration. 219 ; evi- 

 dences of Evolution, 220. 



Parmenides, 36. 



Pascal, influence of the Greeks, 17 ; 

 upon Evolution. 97. 



Pliny, natural history of. 58. 



Psychic properties of matter, attraction 

 and repulsion. Empedocles. 37 ; Mau- 

 pertuis. 113; Dider6t. 115. 



Robinet, scale. 121 ; man and apes. 121 ; 

 uniformity. 122; pre-existent germs. 32. 



Saltatory Evolution. St. Hilaire. 200-201 ; 

 Chambers. 217; Darwin. 238; Hux- 

 ley. 238. 



Scale of Ascent, from the polyps to man, 

 Aristotle, 48 ; Bruno. 81 ; continuity, 

 Leibnitz. 56; Kant. 102; Lessing. 

 103; Herder. 103; continuity. Bon- 

 net, 121; Robinet. 102: Buffon. 135; 

 Lamarck, 172. 



Schelling. deductive character of his 

 philosophy. 105; philosophy of 

 nature. 104; influence upon St. 

 Hilaire, 197. 



Segregation, similar in its results to arti- 

 ficial selection, Buffon, 136; Buch, 

 214: Darwin, 241. 



Selection, Artificial, relation to Evolution, 

 Bacon, 92; Buffon, 136; segregation, 

 Buffon, 112; survival of the fittest. 

 Wells, 222; Naudin, 225; Darwin, 

 235; Natural Selection, see Survival 

 of the Fittest. 



Serres, embryological evidence of Evolu- 

 tion, 212, 213. 



Spencer, early publications, 215. — 



St. Vincent, life. 204; abiogenesis, 205; 

 fixity of type. 205; hereditary sta- 

 bility, 206. 



St. Hilaire, Geoffroy, characteristics. 197 ; 

 sources of his opinions and method. 

 197 ; his special theories. 198 ; envi- 

 ronment, 199 ; anticipation of Dar- 

 winism, 199; 'saltatory Evolution,' 

 200; phylogeny and limited view of 



