44 



Irish : aiaib uisge or caineab uisge, water-hemp (from Greek 

 KawaySts ; Latin, cannabis, hemp ; the root can, white). 



Bidens cernua — Bur marigold. Irish : sceachog Mhuire, 

 Mary's haw. 



Achillea ptarmica — Sneezewort. GaeHc : criiaidh lies, hard 

 weed. (Latin : crudus, hard, inflexible). Meacan ragaitn, the 

 stiff plant. Roibhe, moppy. 



A. millefolium — Yarrow. Gaelic : lus chosgadh tia fola, the 

 plant that stops bleeding. Lus na fola, the blood-weed. Earr 

 thalmhainn, that which clothes the earth {earr, clothe, array). 

 Athair thalmhainn, the ground father. Cathair thalmhainn, the 

 ground seat or chair. Probably alterations of earr (for thalm- 

 haimi see Bnnimn flexuosum). 



*' Cathair thalmhainn'' s carbhin chroc-cheannach." — M'TntyrE. 

 The yarrow and the horny-headed caraway. 



Solidago virgaurea — Golden rod. Gaelic : fuinseag coille ? 

 A name given by Shaw to the herb called " Virgo />astoris." 

 Also one of the names of the mountain-ash (Fyrus aucuparia, 

 which see). 



Jasione montana — Sheep - bit. Gaelic : diibhan nan caora 

 (O'Reilly). Dubhan, a kidney ; caora, sheep. 



CAMPANULACEyE. 



Campanula — Gaelic : barr-chdgeannach, bell-flowered. 

 *' Barr-cluigeannach-sinnteach gorm-bhileach." 

 Bell-flowered extended, blue-petalled. 



C. rotundifolia — Round-leaved bell-flower. Gaelic : brog na 

 cubhaig, the cuckoo's shoe. Am pliiran clnigeaimach, the bell- 

 like flower. Welsh : bysedd ellyilon, imp's fingers. Scotch : 

 witch's thimbles. 



Lobelia dortmanna — Water-lobelia. Pliir an lochain, the lake- 

 flower. 



Ericace^. 



Erica tetralix — Cross-leaved heath. Gaelic : fraochfrangach, 

 French heath. Fraoch an ruinnse, rinsing heath ; a bunch of its 

 stems tied together makes an excellent scouring brush, the other 

 kinds being too coarse. (Fraoch, anciently fraech.) Welsh : 

 grug. Greek : ipeiKw, ereiko, to break, from the supposed qual- 

 ity of some of the species in breaking the stone (medicinally). 

 The primary meaning seems to be to burst, to break, and appears 

 to be cognate with the Latin, fractum. Fraoch also means 



