AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS n 



is a sort of hoe, and the other end is shaped like a mattock. 

 Used for cleaning off weeds, shrubs, etc., from the fields ; 

 also for cutting or splitting wood. 



Kouspos. These are of two kinds. The larger is used 

 like a tsappa, but in stony or rocky places ; the smaller 

 is the tool used by well-sinkers. It can be conveniently 

 handled in a confined space. 



Karelia or Cart. This has almost entirely superseded 

 the old Cypriot type of cart, but the latter may yet be seen 

 very occasionally in the Karpas and possibly in the Paphos 

 district. It is still in use in some parts of Anatolia. In its 

 construction no iron nails are needed. 



Doukani. The common threshing-board (see under 

 " Cereals," p. 29). This is the primitive implement handed 

 down from classic times and generally seen throughout the 

 East (see Plate V, fig. 2). 



Thernatchin. A wooden shovel used for winnowing" 

 grain. It is deeply serrated, or divided, into 5 or 6 tri- 

 angular-shaped teeth. 



Arvalin. A corn sieve. A goat's or sheep's skin, 

 perforated with holes, is stretched across a round wooden 

 frame, 12 in. to 18 in. in diameter. Instead of a skin,, 

 leather thongs or gut are stretched, crosswise on the frame. 

 Perforated tin is now sometimes employed. These sieves 

 are used for cleaning grain after winnowing. 



Arkon. Another kind of sieve, similar to the above, 

 but with smaller holes for sifting fine seeds, dust, etc. 

 Mostly made of skin, but now tin is being used. 



Patourin. A similar sieve, used for still finer work. 



Skala. An iron dibber, fitted with two wooden handles, 

 used for planting vine cuttings. 



Some advance has been made of late in cleaning the 

 land, but foul land is pretty general. Squills, thistles, 

 thorny bushes, and so forth abound ; these are mostly 

 deeply rooted, drought-resistant plants, and the labour 

 required for uprooting them is not forthcoming. 



There are a fair number of reaping machines now in 

 use, but little care is bestowed on them, and when slightly 

 out of order they are often put aside as useless. More 

 enlightened ideas are now prevailing, and the abundant 

 crops of the last few years have created a strong desire 



