DISEASES AND PESTS 15 



and descriptive work had been carried out by Mr. Genna- 

 dius, but no organised field work could be undertaken 

 until the last three or four years. 



A detailed description of the numerous pests cannot 

 here be given, but the more important ones are enumerated 

 below. Happily Cyprus is one of the few Mediterranean 

 countries which has not been invaded by Phylloxera. 



Cereals. (Ecophora temper atella (Limassol district only), 

 smut and rust, hessian fly (occasionally), grain weevils 

 (Calandra granaria), grain moth (Sitotroga cerealella). 



Carobs. Cecidomyia ceratonice, scale (Aspidiotus cera- 

 tonice) Myelois ceratonice, borer (Cossus liniperda), Oidium 

 ceratonice. 



Olives. Capnodium, scale (Lecanium olece and Aspi- 

 diotus olece), aphis (Psylla olece), olive fly (Dacus sp.), 

 Tinea oleela and various borers. 



Citrus and other Fruit Trees. Gummosis (Citrus and all 

 stone fruits) ; scale (all) ; ermin moth (apples, pears and 

 plums) ; downy plant louse, Schizoneura lanigera (apples) ; 

 aphides (almond, peach, plum and apricot) ; Tingis pyri 

 (pears and apples) ; codlin moth, Carpocapsa pomonella 

 (apples, pears, quinces and walnuts) ; peach leaf curl, 

 Exoascus deformans (peaches) ; black aphis (peaches) ; 

 Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (all) ; mites, 

 Acarus sp. (all) ; various borers, thrips, and barkbeetle 

 (Scolytids). 



Vines. Oidium Tucker i, Peronospora, anthracnose, 

 Cladosporium, root rot, Zygcena ampelophaga, thrips, 

 Cochylis, Lita solanella. 



Vegetables. Peronospora infestans (potatoes), Clado- 

 sporium, Attica, aphides, mole crickets. 



Much damage is done to carobs by the large rat, Mus 

 Alexandrinus. 



The large fruit-eating bat is a great pest. Hornets 

 attack all kinds of fruits and cause much loss. 



The chief cotton enemies are the cotton boll worm 

 (Earias insulana), aphides and Capnodium. 



Locusts are no longer the formidable plague they were 

 in the eighties. They are limited almost to the Famagusta 

 district, where they annually breed and do a certain amount 

 of damage to early cotton and to vegetable crops. If not 



