OREGON FARMER 125 



herd of 23 grade cows, headed by a pure bred Jersey sire. During 

 the year covered by the survey the milk produced by this herd 

 returned $2,070. This is a greater return per cow than the average 

 of the community, but is doubtless due to the fact that the product is 

 manufactured into cheese on the farm and shipped direct to the Port- 

 land markets. The male calves were killed as soon as dropped, but 

 eleven heifers were added to the herd, and at the end of the year were 

 valued at $30 each, or a total of $330. This increased the gross 

 income to $2,400 from a herd valued at $1,685. 



Fifteen head of other cattle were disposed of for $750. Fifteen 

 hogs were also marketed for which $230 was received. These hogs 

 were raised and fattened almost entirely on pasture, artichokes and 

 by-products of the dairy, only about $40 worth of other feed being 

 used in preparing them for the market. 



Practically all the field crops raised are used for feed. In the 

 year which we are considering, 25 acres of clover meadow yielded an 

 average of two and one-half tons per acre; three acres of oat hay 

 yielded three and one-half tons per acre; the two acres planted to 

 kale returned forty tons, and one-half acre of potatoes yielded 100 

 bushels, of which 50 bushels were marketed at the rate of one and 

 one-fourth cents per pound. The average yield of potatoes in this 

 section, however, is about 300 bushels per acre. An interesting 

 experiment is being carried on with artichokes and the results obtained 

 thus far indicate that they will prove most successful. Although the 

 acreage planted has been small, the yield has been exceptionally 

 heavy, and good results have been obtained by feeding the green 

 stocks to the dairy cows and then letting the hogs harvest the tubers. 



The home garden supplies the family with all of the vegetables 

 desired, but no attempt is made to grow any for the market. A few 

 small fruits are grown quite successfully, but very little attention is 

 given to this phase of the farm. The same is true of the poultry 

 department. About thirty Plymouth Rock hens are kept, all 

 produce being consumed by the family. 



After considering the sources of profit and the results, it is now 

 time to turn our attention to the cost of production. Two men, 

 two horses, and implements and machinery valued at $1,000 are 

 required to operate Farm Number Three. The capital invested, 

 including land and buildings, $26,250, live stock $2,519, and 

 machinery $1,000, is $29,769. As would naturally be expected, the 

 largest item of expense is for hired labor, $500 being required for this 

 purpose. Other expenditures in order of importance are as follows: 

 Household $420; taxes $135; feed purchased $130; and miscellaneous 

 items $80; making the total cost of production, irrespective of family 

 labor, $1,265. Subtracting this amount from $3,087.50, the total 

 receipts, a net balance of $1,822.50 remains, or in other words, a 

 return of over six per cent, on the capital invested. 



Summarizing these results, then, we find that in 1911, Farm 

 Number Three represented an invested capital of $26,250; gross 



