OREGON FARMER 127 



raised successfully. A two-year orchard consisting of 100 peach 

 trees, 50 pear trees and nine cherry trees is thriving exceptionally 

 well. 



The total expenditures for the year were $1,310.70, the largest 

 single item being $500 for the household, which is above the average, 

 but we must take into consideration that there are eight members of 

 this family. The cost of hired labor was $250. Two boys attending 

 high school are available during the busy seasons, consequently the 

 labor cosfc rarely exceeds the amount stated. All other expenditures 

 can be considered under three heads; namely, threshing and twine, 

 $187; taxes, $185, and miscellaneous, $188.70. 



Since the gross income amounted to $2,534.00, and the total 

 expenses to $1,310.70, the net family income was $1,223.30, or an 

 amount equal to a return of slightly over seven per cent, on the 

 capital investment $17,285. 



Southern Oregon Division. 



The Southern Oregon Division embraces the Umpqua and Rogue 

 River Valleys and numerous smaller tributaries, famous for their 

 production of fruit, vegetables, and other agricultural products. 

 Like the Willamette Valley, the Southern Oregon Division presents 

 conditions extremely diversified, and is adapted to almost every 

 phase of agricultural development. However, the rich and fertile 

 valleys have attracted the attention of scores of horticulturists and 

 as a result fruit raising has become a paramount industry. 



The survey of this district covered every locality, and farms of all 

 classes are included in the results. Reports were secured from 231 

 farms and of this number, 38 contain less than 20 acres: 59 between 

 21 and 80 acres; 45 between 81 and 160 acres; 46 varied from 161 to 

 320 acres; and 43 contained over 320 acres. The general tendency 

 seems to favor the smaller farms. Most especially is this true of the 

 more developed fruit and garden districts. According to the figures 

 obtained, the smaller farms are also paying a considerably larger 

 rate of profit on the capital invested. 



A good example of the smaller class is Farm Number Forty-five 

 in Jackson County. This farm contains 13 acres which is the state 

 average for farms under 20 acres. It is devoted exclusively to the 

 growing of pears, and in 1911 the gross sales reached the sum of 

 $6,909. Others are giving attention to apples or other kind or kinds 

 of fruit with like results. The present owner purchased Farm 

 Number Forty-five in 1909 at $2,000 per acre. The improvements 

 at that time included a $5,000 dwelling and other buildings valued at 

 $1,000. 



The soil is a medium sticky black loam and averages about six 

 feet to gravel. It is all under irrigation, the water for this purpose 

 being obtained from a large well by means of an electric pump. The 

 orchard occupies twelve of the thirteen acres and consists of 895 

 trees, representing three different varieties. Ninety of these trees 

 are the Bartletts, 490 are Howells, and 315 D'Anjous. The total 



