OREGON FARMER 129 



Farm Number Thirty-five, in Gilliam County, is a fair average 

 of this class. From a financial point of view this farm may briefly 

 be described as follows: Capital invested $41,740; gross income 

 $7,718; expenditures $3,824; family income $3,894; and rate of 

 profit 9.3 per cent. This rate is slightly above the state average, 

 but is nearer the average rate of the division. 



Farm Number Thirty-five contains 1,680 acres. Of this amount 

 480 are rented and, therefore, are not counted in the capital invested. 

 The average value is $30 per acre. The soil of about 1,200 acres 

 is deep and of the silt loam type. The balance of the acreage is 

 more or less rocky and is not under cultivation but affords very 

 good pasture. The buildings are valued at $1,000 and an equal 

 amount is invested in implements and machinery. Three men and 

 eighteen horses are required to operate this farm. 



Throughout the Columbia Basin it is customary to summer-fallow 

 cultivated land every other year, consequently only about one-half 

 of the acreage is sown in any one season. In the year of the survey 

 685 acres of Farm Number Thirty-five w r ere in crop. Eighty-five 

 acres of grain hay produced one and one-half tons per acre, and 600 

 acres of fall wheat yielded 18 bushels per acre. Of the total 

 yield, 10,800 bushels, 9,640 were marketed at 70 cents per bushel, 

 returning $6,748.00. There is no orchard on the place, but a small 

 garden is cultivated for home use. The animal husbandry depart- 

 ment was the other leading source of profit, $920 being the amount 

 of sales. Four grade Shire horses were sold for $760; one cow and 

 two calves for $60, and four Duroc Jersey hogs for $100. At the 

 time this inventory was taken, the farm was stocked with 21 head of 

 horses, 11 mule colts under three years old, two cows, one calf, and 

 85 hogs, the total value being $3,740. Fifty dollars were received 

 from miscellaneous sales of poultry. Both chickens and turkeys 

 are kept but mainly for home consumption. 



The $3,824 expended may be classified as follows: hired labor 

 $1,000; rent $600; threshing, sacks and twine $1,076; household 

 $625; taxes $145, and miscellaneous items $382. 



Blue Mountain Division. 



The Blue Mountain Division is the most diversified section of 

 Eastern Oregon, but owing to inadequate transportation facilities, 

 many localities remain undeveloped and stock raising is the principal 

 industry. There are exceptions to this general condition, however. 

 Especially is this true of Union and Baker Counties, where fruit 

 growing and dairying are receiving considerable attention. Never- 

 theless, stock raising still ranks first, in order of importance, in the 

 division as a whole, with sheep and cattle farms leading in numbers. 



Farm Number Sixteen, in Grant County, is typical of the successful 

 cattle ranches. It represents an investment of nearly $40,000, of 

 which $22,800 is real estate and machinery, and $17,100 the value of 

 live stock. The farm contains 500 acres and in addition to this 

 1,280 acres of pasture land are rented. r _ About 250 acres are culti- 



