130 OREGON FARMER 



vated and under irrigation. This produces all of the hay and grain 

 required for winter feed, and with the number of stock above men- 

 tioned, sales returned $1,340. About 180 acres is wild hay which 

 yields an average of approximately 400 tons yearly. Wheat, oats, 

 barley and rye are raised on the remainder of the cultivated land and 

 yield exceptionally well. 



The receipts from cattle sales for 1911 netted $4,600 for 105 head. 

 All cattle raised are grade Herefords and Durhams, but pure bred 

 sires are always kept. At the time this farm was visited, it was 

 stocked with 100 head of beef cattle, 300 head of stock cattle, 20 

 head of horses, and 10 swine. No special dairy cows are kept, but 

 enough stock cows are milked to supply the farm. Poultry is also 

 kept only for home use. 



A small orchard consisting of apples, pears, plums, and cherrie 8 

 produces well during ordinary seasons, but cannot be depended 

 upon in this particular locality. No fruit is marketed. 



Five men and ten horses are necessary to handle the ordinary 

 farm work. The cost of hired labor for 1911 was $1,500. This item 

 would be greater if it were not for the fact that two men are operating 

 this farm. Other expenditures were household $600; rent $200; 

 taxes $300; and miscellaneous items $150; a total of $2,750. 



Summarizing these results we find a capital of $39,900; gross in- 

 come $5,940; expenditures, $2,750; family income $3,190; rate of 

 profit 8 per cent. 



Central Oregon. 



Five of the largest counties in the state, or an area of 41,513 square 

 miles, comprise the Central Oregon Division. This vast plateau 

 region is still comparatively undeveloped. Until the intervention 

 of railroad activities only recently, these thousands of acres were 

 partially utilized by stockmen for grazing purposes. There are 

 still many large farms, several containing as much as 50,000 acres. 

 But a change is rapidly taking place and already many small diver- 

 sified farms are thriving. Such a farm is Number Seven, located 

 in Crook County, and this is the class we must now describe as 

 typical of the division instead of one of the extensive stock farms 

 which formerly predominated. 



Five years ago the owner of Farm Number Seven acquired an 

 eighty-acre tract and immediately began to develop a diversified 

 farm. Later an additional 80-acre tract was rented and he is now 

 controlling 160 acres. About 140 acres are in cultivation. The 

 soil is silt loam and averages about ten feet to rock or gravel. Four 

 hundred dollars have been invested in improvements and the plact 

 is now valued at $60 per acre. 



Alfalfa is the leading field crop, 60 acres yielding an average of 

 three and one-half tons per acre. Ten tons were sold at $10 per 

 ton. Fifteen tons of grain hay were marketed at $8.50 per ton. 

 The balance of these crops was used for feed. 



