1899.] ESSAYS. 79 



:is tollowt! : inarching, l)ottle-graftino-, clot't -grafting, side-grafting, 

 crown-grafting, splice, tongue or whip-grafting, root-grafting and 

 veneer-srraftino'. The best season for straffing outdoors is in thi; 

 spring, when the sap is in motion, from March to June ; undei- 

 ghiss, with half-ripe wood, from August to the hist of September ; 

 and December to the hisl of March with dormant wood. Mid- 

 sunnner "grafting either in or out dooi's is not a success. In all 

 kinds of trraftino; it is better to have the stock started ahead 

 of the scion. A calm atmosphere and a warm temperature is 

 more conducive to success than a cold, wet one. The tools 

 necessary are a good saw, budding knife, grafting iron, pruning 

 shears, a bunch of raffia or wax cloth to keep the grafts in 

 place, and grafting wax to cover the wounds with and keep out 

 the water. All scions should be cut I>efore the sap begins to 

 How raj)idly, from January to the middle of March. Many 

 plants with slender stems are injured by freezing; these should 

 be cut in the fall before heavy frosts and kept in sand or moss 

 in a cool pit or cellar. For future use I find this especially 

 applicable to hybrid Roses when the wood is wanted for winter 

 use. A o:reat loss of ijrafts is sure to he the result if the wood 

 is not thoroughly ripened and collected before being hard frozen. 

 All scions, if possible, should be of medium growth and of well 

 ripened wood a year old. In some cases, such as Oaks, Hick- 

 ories, Biiches and Beeches, two and even three years old wood 

 often takes better than that of one year old. 



Inarching, or grafting by approach, is without doubt the most 

 ancient of all grafting methods. From time to time Nature 

 gives us examples of it in roots or trees that have become unit- 

 ed where they have been bruised or pressed together. Man 

 was no doubt quick to perceive and take advantage of this hint, 

 and when once tried, improve upon it. A few years ago almost 

 till our Camellias, Azaleas and other hard-wooded plants were 

 worked in this way and in many continental nurseries it is still 

 in use. The time for inarching out-of-doors is from early spring 

 until July or August, while the tree or shrul) is in active growth, 

 and as the scions are still attached to the parent plant they can 

 be inarched in cither a woody or herbaceous state. The sim- 



