80 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1899. 



plest method is to remove from both stock and scion a thin slice 



of the bark and from two to three inches lonff, then In-ins- 



ing both cut surfaces together in such a manner that they will 

 tit exactly, tie firmly with bass or raffia and cover the wound 

 to keep out the air, although this is not always necessary. 



Another kind of inarching is similar to tongue-grafting. An 

 incision is made in the stock and the scion, and the two are 

 bound together. In grafting by approach the trees or plants 

 must be in close proximity to each other. The plants to be 

 worked must be either planted around the stock tree or in pots 

 and so arranged on stoves or stands as to be easily brought in 

 contact with the branches of the stock tree. When the graft 

 has taken hold cutting it from the parent stem is an important 

 matter and should not be done too hurriedly. Make a small in- 

 cision at first, increasing it from time to time until the final sep- 

 aration, which may require several weeks. 



Bottle-grafting is only another method of grafting by approach. 

 The lower end of the scion is inserted in a bottle of water to 

 keep it in good condition until the cut surfaces are united. 



Cleft-grafting was practiced at a very early date and is a 

 method much in use now to top-graft old trees in orchards or to 

 renew individual trees as well as young stock that have become 

 too large to bud. In cleft-o:raftino; the stock is cut off with a 

 saw at a point at which to insert the scion, then smooth off the 

 surface, then with a grafting iron or knife split the stock 

 through the centre, being careful to divide the bark at the same 

 time so as to leave the part smooth. The scions are then cut 

 wedge-shaped and fitted into the cleft one on each side, making 

 sure that some part of the bark may come together. In large 

 stocks it is not necessary to bend the graft before watering, but 

 in shorter ones it brings the points in closer union. March and 

 April are the usual months for grafting out-of-doors. 



Side-grafting. This term is applied to a number of pro- 

 cesses of grafting in which the head of the stock is not cut away. 

 The most simple side-graft is that in which the scion is cut with 

 a long splice perfectly smooth and thin to the bark : then from 

 this stock a thin strip of bark and wood two or more inches in 



