1899.] ESSAYS. 81 



length is cut. Fit the harks exactly together and bind firmly. 

 This is a favorite method of grafting Azalias and Camellias, 

 and should be done under glass. 



Crown-grafting is very similar to cleft-grafting. It is prac- 

 ticed in spring as soon as the l)ark is easily separated from the 

 wood, the stock being headed down several weeks before the 

 time of grafting. The scions should be cut with a flat sloping 

 cut on one side, but instead of splitting the stock the bark is 

 divided from the top downward and lifted as in budding. The 

 scion is then inserted under the bark. A small implement of 

 wood or ivory made in the form of the scion can be used to 

 advantage in preparing a place to insert the scion. 



Tongue or whip grafting is the method most commonly used 

 in nurseries. For grafting young fruit-trees where the stock 

 and scion are nearly equal the scion is prepared with a long 

 sloping cut and the stock in the same manner. A small cleft 

 or si)lit is made about midway of the cut portion of both stock 

 and scion ; these are joined together and bound with waxed 

 cloths, then healed in boxes of sand or earth and planted out 

 in spring, leaving one eye above the surface. 



All methods of ofraftinsr can be used on root-o-raftins;. The 

 Peony, Begonia, Wistaria, Rose, Clematis, Dahlia and many 

 others can be successfully worked on roots. 



Side-grafting is one of the best methods of propagating 

 hard wood under glass and can be practiced from November to 

 April and from Auo:ust to October. In this mode of orraftinof 

 all plants should be potted the spring before. In grafting select 

 a smooth place on the stock and with a sharp knife make a 

 slight cut downward in the stock and slightly into the wood, 

 then insert the blade two or more inches above, cutting off a 

 thin slice of the wood down to the cross cut. A corresponding 

 slice is taken off the scion. They are then fitted together so 

 the two meet, tied firmly together and placed in closed frames 

 in the greenhouse slightly sprinkled overhead when necessary. 

 The frames must be kept closed the first few days, but as soon 

 they begin to unite more air must be given and gradually harden 

 them off. 



Budding consists in taking a bud with a portion of bark 



