192 The Horticulhirisf s Rule- Book. 



Derivation of the Karnes of Fruits and Vegetables, continued. 

 Rhubarb.— French, rlmbarhe,; probably indirectly from Latin. 



barhai-us, foreign. 

 Sage.— Latin, salvus, saved, evidently in allusion to medicinal 



properties of the plant. 

 Salsify.— French, salsifts. 

 Spinach or Spinage.— Latin, spinacia, spinach, from spina, a 



thorn, in reference to the prickly character of the plant. 

 Squash. — American Indian, asquash, a raw or gi-een fruit. 

 Tomato.— romate, of South American origin. 

 Turnip. — Probably Welsh turn, round, and maip, turnip. 



4. Periods of Cultivation and Native Countries of Cultivated 

 Plan-ts. 



(Adapted from researches of De Candolle, and Gray and Trumbull.) 



Almond. Over 4,000 years ; Mediterranean basin, western tem- 

 perate Asia. 



Apple. Over 4,000 years ; Europe, Anatolia, south of the Cau- 

 casus. 



Apricot. Over 4,000 years ; China. 



Artichoke. Less than 2,000 years ; Europe, Africa, Canaries and 

 Madeira. 



Asparagus. Over 2,000 years ; Europe, western temperate Asia. 



Banana.— Over 4,000 years ; southern Asia. 



Barley, Common. (?) ; western temperate Africa. 



Bean, Kidney. Over 4,000 years ; unknown wild. Probably N. 

 America. 



Bean, Broad. Over 4,000 years ; south of the Caspian (?). 



Buckwheat. Less than 2,000 years; Mandschuria, central 

 Siberia. 



Buckwheat, Tartarian. Less than 2,000 years ; Tartary, Siberia 

 to Dahuria. 



Cabbage. Over 4,000 years ; Europe. 



Carrot. Over 2,000 years ; Europe, western temperate Asia (?). 



Celery. Over 2,000 years ; Europe, Asia and Africa. 



Chestnut. (?) ; from Portugal to Caspian Sea, eastern Algeria. 



Chives. Less than 2,000 years ; temperate and northern Europe. 



Citron. Over 2,000 years ; India. 



Corn-salad. Less than 2,000 years; Sardinia., Sicily. 



Cotton, Herbaceous. Over 2,000 years ; India. 



