1886.] TRANSACTIONS. " 17 



harmed; wliile liugc limbs and even the very trunks of Ehn and 

 Maple were snapped like pipe-stems. 



May not new varieties of shrub, and tree, reward a careful 

 search, which shall prove as dominant and useful in their several 

 genera and species as the Catalpa Speciosa has approved itself in 

 practical demonstration. 



The complaint of depressed or failing markets is not restricted 

 to the manufacturers. It was easy enough for them, the tide 

 coming in, to float upon the swelling waves. Old work-sho])s 

 could be enlarged, new buildings erected, raw material heaped 

 together; for were not the profits great and promissory notes of 

 facile discount ? Each thought to gather in his harvest, forget- 

 ting that the wild competition fostered by unjust laws and the 

 reckless customs of banking must sooner or later prove a fatal 

 handicap. More "protection" is of no avail; since to use an ex- 

 pressive if somewhat vulgar phrase, he has already " bitten ofi" 

 more than he can chew." He looks around for new markets: but 

 his own selflshness has closed them to him. And not alone to 

 him, but to the farmer as well. The Frank and Teuton are 

 neither fools nor blind. The exclusion that is good for the Yan- 

 kee, they not unnaturally argue must be beneficial for them. So 

 that these nations "encourage home industry" by levying exces- 

 sive duties upon articles of foreign production, or accomplish 

 their object more effectually by wholesale prohibition. When 

 the American Hog is banished from Europe, we are estopped 

 by our own piggishness from complaint. The boasted home 

 market will not suflice. The factory that does not run at a 

 profit — nor can long run at a loss, pays poor or no wages to be 

 expended in the consumption of flour, pork, or fruit. Just at 

 present, there is something in point for the Pomologists of tiiis 

 great apple-growing County of Worcester to consider. The 

 yield of our Orchards is large, if not as excessive as in some 

 years past. Yet what is the net remuneration for the fruit, per 

 barrel, carefully gathered and assorted ? But the Apple-crop in 

 England for the past year, has been a bad failure. The latest 

 advices from Liverpool quote good, fair American red apples at 

 12 to 15 shillings per barrel. If the price starts thus, — what 



