34 WHITE PINE TYPE 



destroy it. In the woodlot the best control measure is to cut and 

 burn the infested trees. 



Another insect which disfigures the white pine is the white 

 pine weevil. It kills the terminal shoot by girdling it. The eggs 

 of this beetle are laid in the upper part of the terminal shoot 

 during the latter part of the summer and the larvse burrow around 

 underneath the bark the following summer. The large number 

 of deformed trees in nearly every second growth stand of white 

 pine shows that the insect is no new pest but has been attacking 

 white pine for at least a century. Nevertheless, it could be 

 . greatly diminished, if not eradicated, by a determined and con- 

 certed effort. If the infested shoots are cut and burned before 

 the first of August the weevils are destroyed before the adult 

 form emerges. 



The principal insect and fungus enemies of the commercial 

 tree species in this type are listed below : 



White pine — gypsy moth, Chermes, weevil, blister rust, and 

 red rot. 



Red pine — blister rust. 



Hemlock — no serious enemies. 



Butternut — no serious enemies. 



Shagbark hickory — no serious enemies. 



Black birch — gypsy moth, heart rot (Fomes igniarius and 



f omentarius) . 

 Grey birch — gypsy moth, heart rot (Fomes igniarius and 



f omentarius) . 

 Beech — ^ gypsy moth, heart rot (Fomes igniarius and 



f omentarius) . 

 Red and white oak — gypsy moth, browntail moth, heart 



rot (Fomes igniarius, squamosus, and sulphureus). 

 Elm -"— gypsy moth, elm leaf beetle, heart rot (Polyporus 

 squamosus) . 

 More complete data probably exists for the growth in this type 

 than for any other in the United States. On account of their 

 high value white pine stands have been very thoroughly studied 

 in New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, and Michigan. 

 The best information on the diameter and height growth and 

 yield of the species in this type is summarized below : 



