78 SOUTHERN HARDWOODS 



These have, of course, no interest at the present time except 

 a historical one and to show relative values. 



What the stumpage prices may be on any tract depends upon 

 the cost of logging and manufacture and the average sale value 

 for the lumber f.o.b. the mill. For softwoods, including yellow 

 poplar, the following figures were conservative in 1914: 



' Per M 



Felling and bucking $1 . 00 



Skidding 2 . 00 



Hauling to the mill 4 . 00 



Sawing, planing and loading 7 . 00 



Total $14 . 00 



Hardwoods cost at least $5 more per M because the felling, haul- 

 ing and sawing are more expensive on account of the greater 

 weight, hardness and crookedness. 



In order to determine costs with var3dng labor prices average 

 costs in man and horse hours per M are given below, separately 

 for hardwoods and softwoods: 



Since labor makes up 80 to 90 per cent of the total cost of these 

 items it is possible to get a very close approximation of the whole 

 charge from these figures. 



The uses to which white pine and hemlock are put have already 

 been discussed. Shortleaf pine, like most softwoods, has a 

 variety of uses. The better grades command a good price as 

 flooring and interior finish, while the poorer grades make excel- 

 lent common lumber, railroad ties and wood pulp. The prices 

 which material fit for these various uses brought in 1914 were as 

 follows f.o.b. the mill: 



