12 ELECTRICAL STRUCTURE AND 



THE ORANGE, LEMON, GRAPE-FRUIT, ETC. 



In testing these fruits great care has to be exercised 

 owing to the large quantity of juice they contain, the 

 rapidity of its action upon steel, the danger of diffusion, 

 and the extreme delicacy of cells of which the fruits are 

 mainly composed and the narrow contacts they offer. 

 Their structure, electrically considered, is best explained 

 by Figs. 6, 7, and 8, but especial notice should be taken of 

 the wonderful manner (shown in the sectional plans) in 

 which the positive flesh of the fruit is surrounded by 

 protective material, and how that protective material is 

 connected in turn with the central and outer negative 

 system. Nor is their absolute insulation provided for in 

 a less remarkable manner. The skins of the orange and 

 lemon in particular appear to be porous, but in reality 

 they are built up of innumerable cells containing a highly - 

 resistant ethereal oil which, until expelled by evaporation, 

 conserves their energy. 



THE TURNIP 

 (Swede and Mangel -Wurzel, etc.) 



In Fig. 9 it will be seen that the negative system of this 

 vegetable extends from the root along the outer perimeter 

 and to the whole of the thickness of the rind. The inner 

 lining of this an envelope, as it were is probably pro- 

 tective material, and, so far as I am able to judge, the 

 whole of the interior is positive ; that system extending to 

 the positive terminal, or flower end ; and to those portions 

 of the foliage free from stalks and veins which connect 

 directly with the negative system. 



From an electrical point of view the turnip compares 

 unfavourably with many other vegetables. At no time 



