142 



THE CHEMISTRY OF THE PLANT 



Higher Alcohols. 



These are grouped under the 

 name "fusel oil" and are pro- 

 duced in small quantities dur- 

 ing the fermentation processes 

 that lead to the production of 

 ethyl alcohol. The commonest 

 are the following. 



Normal propyl 



CsHsO, (CH3-CH2-CH2- 



(OH)) 

 Normal butyl 



C4H10O, (CH3-CH2-CH2 



CH2(0H)) 

 Isobutyl f CH3\ 



C4H10O, i 



[ CH3' 



Isobutyl carbinol 



[ CH, 



C6H12O, \ 



[CHa/ 

 Glycerine 



C3H8O3, (CHo(OH)-CH- 



(0H)-CH2(0H)) 

 Mannite 



CeHuOe, (CH2(0H)-CH- 



(OH) -CH(OH) -CH(OH) 



-CH(0H)-CH20H) 

 Dulcite (formula as for man- 

 nite). 

 Sorbite (formula as for mannite) 

 Perseite 



CyHieOy, (CH2(0H) - (CH- 



(OH))5-CH2(OH)) 

 Fats and Fatty Oils. 



>CH-CH2(0H)) 



Also found 

 mile oil. 

 >CH-CH2-CH2(OH)) 



in Roman camo- 



See under /a/s, below. 



In leaves of hlac and celery, 



in sugar cane, especially in the 



manna ash {Fraxinus ornus) 



and in many fungi. 



In Euonymus, Melampyrum, 



etc. 



In service berries. 



In seeds of the avocado, 



{Per sea gratissima) . 



These are distinguished read- 

 ily from the so-called ethereal 

 or aromatic oils in that the 

 former leave grease spots on 

 paper while the spots formed 

 by the latter disappear on 

 evaporation. The chief fats 

 and fatty oils are esters of the 



