CARBOHYDRATES 



147 



Polysaccharids. 



Starch (Amylum). 



Glycogen (Liver starch) 



InuHii 



Celluloses 



The following carbohydrates 

 have an arbitrary formula 

 corresponding nearly if not 

 exactly to (CeHioOs),. in 

 which n may be different for 

 the different forms. They 

 are looked upon as composed 

 of n molecules of monosac- 

 charids with loss of some 

 H2O. They are mostly little if 

 at all soluble in water and are 

 correspondingly lacking in 

 sweetness. They are the com- 

 monest forms of reserve car- 

 bohydrates. 



Hydrolyzes ultimately to d- 

 glucose. The commonest form 

 of reserve carbohydrate for 

 green plants. Always pro- 

 duced in plastids (chloroplasts 

 or leucoplasts). Usually 

 formed in grains of alternating 

 denser and less dense concen- 

 tric la3^ers. Occurs in many 

 modifications (i.e. there are 

 many starches). 

 Hydrolyzes to d-glucose. 

 Very abundant in fungi. Is 

 the storage carbohydrate of 

 animals also. 



Hydrolyzes to d-g 1 u c o s e. 

 Stored in solution in roots and 

 tubers of Asterales (e.g. Dah- 

 lia). 



These are water-insoluble 

 compounds which form the cell 

 walls of most plants. Many 

 forms have been distin- 

 guished, differing in their solu- 

 bility in weak acids and 



