GLUCOSIDES AND ALKALOIDS 



149 



Hesperidin 



CooH^fiOi, 

 Aesculin 



C15H16O9 

 Arbutin 



C12H16O7 

 Salicin 



CuHigOr 

 Alkaloids. 



Caffeine (Theine) 

 C8H10N4O2 



Theobromine 



Piperin 



CiyHiglSOa 



Abrotanin 

 C21H00X2O 



Aconitin 

 C33H45NO12 



In green oranges. 



In bark of horse chestnut 



(Aescukis). 



In leaves of bear})erry (Arcto- 



staphylos) . 



In the willow. 



These are organic compounds, 

 acting as bases in the presence 

 of acids, and usually bitter to 

 the taste. Under this name 

 are grouped a variety of un- 

 related substances although 

 the tendency now is to limit 

 the name to derivatives of the 

 pyridin group which would 

 exclude the first two in the list 

 below of the commoner alka- 

 loids. Many if not most 

 alkaloids are poisonous. They 

 may be in some cases reserve 

 foods but possibly in other 

 cases are waste products or 

 even special defences against 

 herbivorous animals. 

 In leaves of tea, "berries" of 

 coffee and in many other 

 plants (e.g. Cola nut). 

 In seeds of the cacao. 



In pepper {Piper nigrum). 



In wormwood (Artemisia 



ahrotanum). 



In monkshood (Aconitum). 



