1916 

 BOTANY 



Friday 9:00 a.m. Two hours 



A teacher's certificate covering the entire laboratory instruction must be presented 

 as a part of the examination. 



Answer three questions of each group, and one additional question which may be 

 selected from any group. 



Group I 



1. (a) Represent the cross-section of a woody stem by a diagrammatic figure. 



(b) Label the various parts shown and give the function or functions 

 of each. 



2. Describe the epidermis and the green tissue of a typical leaf, giving the various 



functions of the parts described. 



3. (a) Name and describe a seed with endosperm, (b) Describe the germi- 



nation of this seed, (c) How are the solid foods stored up in a seed 

 made available for the young plant ? 



4. Discuss the plants of deserts and of forests in relation to their environment. 



5. (a) How do leaves maintain their rigidity ? (b) Why does the loss of water 



by leaves cause them to wilt ? (c) Why does a piece of wood remain 

 rigid when dry ? 



Group II 



6. (a) Name three plants in which motile asexual spores are found, (b) Name 



two plants in which non-motile asexual spores are found, (c) Assign 

 each of the plants named to the great group or phylum to which it 

 belongs. 



7. Name a liverwort and outline its life-history, 



8. (c) Distinguish between homospory and heterospory. (b) Name a homos- 



porous plant; a heterosporous plant, (c) Describe briefly the game- 

 tophytic generation of the heterosporous plant you have named. 



9. (a) Name an alga in which the sex organs are differentiated, (b) Describe 



the sex organs and the process of fertilization in the plant you have 

 named. 



10. (c) What is transpiration ? (b) In what parts of the plant does it take place ? 



(c) In what ways may transpiration be injurious to a plant ? (d) How 

 may excessive transpiration by plants be prevented ? 



Group III 



11. Discuss the various ways in which agricultural field crops may be improved. 



12. (a) Name two vegetable fibers of commercial importance, (b) Show how 



the fibers are obtained from the plants producing them, (c) What 

 commercial uses are made of the fibers you have named ? 



13. (a) Give the names of two vegetable drugs and of the plants from which they 



are obtained, (b) Tell briefly how the drugs named are extracted. 



14. Name three edible fungi, and show how they can be recognized. 



15. (a) What are the characteristics of bacteria? (b) Discuss the part played 



by bacteria in processes of decay. 



1 6 



