WHIPS 149 



(a) The pre-historic whip was probably only a 

 goad {stimulus). There is no reason to imagine 

 that it was anything more elegant to look at than 

 a long stick with a sharp point to it. This kind 

 of goad was used up to the tenth century, and is 

 even used in the present century upon sand 

 donkeys, with both ends of the stick unsharpened. 



(p) After the goad a mild form of "cat" was 

 invented ; it was used in the reign of Solomon. 

 We may safely assume that it was constructed of 

 two or more thongs of hide, securely bound to a 

 wooden handle. This was in vogue a.m. 2971. 



{c) Rehoboam had a severe edition of Solomon's 

 whip. It was most likely made with bristles, or 

 perhaps bones acted as substitutes for knots. 



{d) The ancient Greeks, according to their 

 historians and artists {vide the paintings on the 

 walls of excavated buildincfs at Herculaneum, 

 Pompeii, and elsewhere), had both "cats" or 

 flagella mentioned in (c). They also had others 

 that were milder. 



{e) The ancient Romans \\2.^ fiagella consisting 

 of three short chains, with knobs of metal at the 

 end, attached to a short handle. They resembled 

 a diminutive stock-whip with three lashes. 

 " Cats " with two and sometimes w4th three 

 lashes of knotted cords, or even wire, were 

 used. These lashes were called scorpions. The 

 Romans also had ''fasces,'' i.e. 3. bundle of rods 

 tied together with an axe in the centre, this being 

 a badge of authority. 



(/) ^^ "^^y assume that the ancient Romans 

 introduced the " cat " into the States which they 



