BREAKING AND RIDING 217 



lunge a horse in many different ways, and, by 

 heading him with the whip, change him without 

 stopping. When the horse goes easily, without 

 persuasion from his schooler, let him be lunged 

 on the snaffle instead of on the cavassan. He 

 should grow accustomed to feel the stirrups 

 against his sides and to carry a dumb-jockey 

 cross. The rein buckled to the cross should 

 be long at first, and shortened afterwards by 

 degrees. 



It is better to fasten the strap from the cross 

 to the cavassan or head-collar — whichever is 



PILLAR REIN 



used — than to the bit. When a horse is left 

 some time with the strap buckled to the bit, he 

 is apt to lean on the bit and go to sleep — the 

 lips then become raw and afterwards callous. 



It is a good way to groom a horse by fastening 

 him . on the pillar-reins with a snaffle-breaking 

 bit, or a mild snaffle in his mouth. 



Colts should be broken as much as possible 

 without putting them to any pain, and without 

 startling them unnecessarily with any strange 

 sights or sounds. 



Certainly let youngsters get familiar with 

 common objects of alarm, such as motors, 

 traction-engines, trains, even hens popping out 

 of hedges unexpectedly. 



