402 



THE ANATOMY OF THE HORSE 



the suj)erior stellate ligament. From the inferior surface of the neck there is 

 a ligament, Avhich is disposed in the same way inferiorly as the foregoing is 

 superiorly, in attaching the ribs to the bodies of the vertebrse. This is called 

 the inferior stellate ligament. 



The inter-articidar ligament, or ligamentum teres, consists of a thin bundle 

 of longitudinal fibres, and arises from the ridge dividing the two articular 



Fig. 40. — SuPERiOE View of Costo-Vertedral Articulations. 



A. A. A. etc. Points where the vertebral arches are 



removed in order to expose. 

 1. 1. etc. Suiierior common vertebral ligament. 

 13. B. etc. Transverse processes. 



2. 2. etc. Superior costo - vertebral or stellate 



ligament. 



3. 3. 3. etc. Superior costo-transverse ligament. 



surfaces on the head of the rib from which it passes to be implanted on the 

 side of the intervertebral substance. 



There are two distinct synovial capsules — an anterior and a posterior — set 

 back to back, and separated by the inter-articular ligament. 



The costo-traxsverse articulation. — On the superior surface of the 

 tubercle of the rib is a smooth convex articular surface, which is in apposition 

 with a smooth concave surface^ situated on the transverse process. 



Two ligaments strengthen this articulation. First, the posterior costo- 

 transverse ligament consists of a short fasciculus of fibres, which passes 

 from the posterior surface of the summit of the transverse process, to the 

 rough surface uncovered by cartilage at the postero-lateral part of the tuber- 

 cle. Secondly, the anterior transverse costal ligament is formed of a bundle 

 of white, thick, short fibres, which take a course from the anterior surface 

 of the transverse process near its base, to the excavation which is close to 

 the neck of the rib. This ligament is clothed behind b}' synovial membrane 

 and in front by adipose tissue, which separates it from the costo-vertebral 

 articulation. 



The last two, namelj^ the 17th and 18th costotransverse articulations, are 

 confounded with the corresponding costo-vertebral joints. 



The cuoxdrocostal articulation may be referi'ed to the subdivision 

 gomphosis of the synarthrodial joints. It is formed by the implantation of 

 the inferior extremity of the rib into the superior extremity of the cartilage, 



